The endocrine cells (ECs) of the gastrointestinal mucosa form the largest endocrine system in the body, not only in terms of cell numbers but also in terms of the different produced substances. Data describing the association between the relative distributions of the peptide-specific ECs in relation to feeding habits can be useful tools that enable the creation of a general expected pattern of EC distribution. We aimed to investigate the distribution of ECs immunoreactive for the peptides gastrin (GAS), cholecystokinin (CCK-8), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in different segments of the digestive tract of carnivorous fish dorado (Salminus brasiliensis) by using immunohistochemistry procedures. The distribution of endocrine cells immunoreactive for gastrin (GAS), cholecystokinin (CCK-8), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in digestive tract of dorado S. brasiliensis was examined by immunohistochemistry. The results describe the association between the distribution of the peptide-specific endocrine cells and feeding habits in different carnivorous fish. The largest number of endocrine cells immunoreactive for GAS, CCK-8, and CGRP were found in the pyloric stomach region and the pyloric caeca. However, NPY-immunoreactive endocrine cells were markedly restricted to the midgut. The distribution pattern of endocrine cells identified in S. brasiliensis is similar to that found in other carnivorous fishes.

Para esclarecer a natureza da resistência à pinta-preta (Alternaria solani) em tomateiro resistente (Lycopersicon hirsutum var. glabratum) cv. CNPH 417 e suscetível (L. esculentum) cv. Miller, avaliou-se o processo de infecção, através da histopatologia. Às 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 e 72 h após as inoculações (h.a.i.) de suspensões de conídios, coletaram-se amostras de tecidos foliares que foram submetidas ao clareamento, à inclusão em resina para confecção de cortes semifinos e ao processamento para microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Pela análise das amostras clareadas, observou-se que a germinação de conídios completou-se em 24 h.a.i. O crescimento de tubos germinativos foi similar na superfície de ambos os genótipos. Entretanto, os números de apressórios formados, de penetrações nos tecidos e de lesões foram inferiores no genótipo resistente. Com relação aos eventos pós-penetração, o desenvolvimento inicial de hifas primárias e secundárias, processos posteriores de colonização e desenvolvimento de lesões, bem como a ocorrência de formação de papilas sob apressórios e de reações de hipersensibilidade foram similares em ambos os genótipos. Para a maioria dos aspectos da patogênese de A. solani, portanto, o genótipo resistente CNPH 417 comportou-se de modo similar ao suscetível, cv. Miller, exceto quanto aos números de apressórios, de penetrações e de lesões. Assim, ficou evidenciado que a resistência de L. hirsutum var. glabratum (CNPH 417) a A. solani é expressa na fase de pré-penetração, principalmente pelo baixo número de apressórios formados.Palavras-chave adicionais: Lycopersicon spp., microscopia eletrônica de varredura, resistência, formação de apressório. ABSTRACT Histopathology of the interaction between Alternaria solani and resistant and susceptible tomato plantsLight and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to follow the infection process of Alternaria solani on leaves of resistant tomato (Lycopersicon hirsutum var. glabratum) cv. CNPH 417 and susceptible tomato (L. esculentum) cv. Miller. Conidial germination was completed 24 h after inoculation (h.a.i) and growth of germ tubes was similar on the leaf surfaces of both genotypes. However, on the resistant genotype the quantity of appressoria, tissue penetration and lesions were significantly less. The events after penetration were similar in both genotypes and included the initial development of primary and secondary hyphae, colonization processes and lesion development, frequency of formation of papilla and hypersensitive reactions. Although papilla production and hypersensitive reaction are considered as resistant reactions, they seem to have not contributed to the resistance of L. hirsutum var. glabratum to A. solani in this study. The resistant tomato genotype was similar to the susceptible one according to the aspects of pathogenesis studied, except regarding the number of appressoria, penetrations and lesions. Therefore, it was concluded that the resistance of L. hirsutum var. glabratum (CNPH 417) to A. solani is expressed during the p...