Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one of the main sources of nutrients for a large part of the population. To increase your income, there is a need for proper management. This study aimed to evaluate yield components of the cowpea cultivar Aracê subjected to two levels of organic fertilization and three management of the natural vegetation of the savannah of Roraima. The experiment was set up in the experimental area of CCA/UFRR, in Boa Vista, Roraima. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 3×2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor consisted of the management of the natural vegetation: glyphosate application and cutting or not of the natural vegetation. The second factor consisted of the application or not of cattle manure. Yield components were plant height, number of trifoliate leaves, percentage of normal pods, pod length, number of grains per pod, 100-grain weight, sample grain index, total grain index, and final stand. Organic fertilization with 2 L m-2 of manure increased cowpea production. The management with vegetation cutting in areas with organic fertilization increased the final stand of cowpea plants. The desiccation of natural vegetation with glyphosate was the management that had the highest cowpea production.
R E S U M ONeste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar os componentes de produção, produtividade e eficiência da irrigação do feijão-caupi em lâminas de irrigação no cerrado de Roraima. Conduziu-se o experimento no Campo experimental Água Boa, da Embrapa Roraima, em cultivo sobre palhada sob irrigação por aspersão convencional, de fevereiro a abril e de setembro a novembro de 2012. Foram testadas cinco lâminas de irrigação 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150% da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) e três cultivares de caupi: BRS Guariba, BRS Novaera e BRS Pajeú. Foram estabelecidas as lâminas com base em frações da ETo diária do tanque classe A. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados com tratamentos dispostos em faixas e parcelas subdivididas, com cinco repetições. Avaliaram-se o número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, massa de cem grãos, produtividade de grãos secos e a eficiência do uso da água. Concluiu-se que as variáveis do BRS Pajeú não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos, os cultivares BRS Guariba e BRS Novaera obtiveram a máxima produtividade de grãos, 1.275,19 e 1.504,98 kg ha -1 , com as respectivas lâminas 74,3 e 94,02% da ETo. A máxima eficiência da irrigação foi obtida com a lâmina de 30% da ETo para os três cultivares.Components of production, productivity and efficiency of irrigation of bean-cowpea in the 'Cerrado' of Roraima A B S T R A C TThe objective of this study was to evaluate the components of production, productivity and irrigation efficiency of cowpea under irrigation in the 'Cerrado' of Roraima. The experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm ' Agua Boa'-EMBRAPA Roraima in cultivation on straw under irrigation by sprinkler from February to April and from September to November 2012. Five irrigation levels (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150% of the reference evapotranspirationETo) and three cowpea cultivars: (Guariba BRS, Novaera BRS and Pajeú BRS) were tested. The depths of irrigation established were based on fractions of the daily ETo (Pan Class A). The experimental design was in randomized blocks with treatments arranged in bands, split-plot, and five replications. The variables evaluated were: number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, weight of hundred grains, dry grain yield and efficiency of water use. It was observed that the variables of BRS Pajeú were not affected by treatments. Novaera BRS and BRS Guariba had the highest grain yield, 1275.19 and 1504.98 kg ha -1 , respectively, with irrigation depths equivalent to 74.3 and 94.02% of ETo. The maximum irrigation efficiency was obtained with 30% ETo for all three cultivars. Palavras-chave:Vigna unguiculata savana cultivares Key words:Vigna unguiculata savana cultivars ISSN 1807ISSN -1929ISSN v.18, n.6, p.574-580, 2014 Introdução No Brasil, principalmente nas regiões Norte e Nordeste, o feijão-caupi se apresenta como cultivo secundário visando garantir alimento por determinado período; seu excedente é comercializado em feiras de produtores nas áreas urbanas mais próximas. No estado de Roraima, o feijão-caupi é cultivado em ...
Cultivo de mandioca e feijão em sistemas consorciados realizado emCoimbra, Minas Gerais, Brasil Os tratamentos consistiram dos seguintes arranjos: fileira simples de mandioca em monocultivo; fileira simples de mandioca mais uma linha de feijão; fileira dupla de mandioca em monocultivo; fileira dupla de mandioca mais uma linha de feijão; fileira dupla de mandioca mais duas linhas de feijão; fileira dupla de mandioca mais três linhas de feijão e de feijão em monocultivo. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis para o feijão: produtividade de grãos, número de vagens por planta, número de sementes por vagem e massa de 1.000 sementes. Na mandioca avaliaram-se: produção de raízes, massa da parte aérea, índice de colheita, número de raízes por plantas, comprimento de raízes, diâmetro de raízes, matéria seca de raízes, teor de amido e índice de equivalência de área. Os resultados permitiram concluir que o uso eficiente da terra foi observado nos arranjos do consórcio em fileiras simples de mandioca mais uma linha de feijão e fileiras duplas de mandioca mais duas ou três linhas de feijão sendo, portanto, recomendados. A produtividade do feijoeiro é reduzida independentemente dos sistemas, quando comparado ao monocultivo e não houve redução de produtividade da mandioca quando em consórcio com o feijão. Palavras-chave: Consórcio (vegetal). Manihot esculenta. Phaseolus vulgaris.ABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to evaluate the cultivation of cassava and the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under different systems and plant arrangements. The experiment was carried out in Coimbra MG, Brazil, on the experimental campus of the Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. A randomized block design was adopted, with seven treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of the following arrangements: a single row of cassava monoculture; a single row of cassava with a row of beans; a double row of cassava monoculture; a double row of cassava with a row of beans, a double row of cassava with two rows of beans; a double row of cassava with three rows of beans, and bean monoculture. The following variables were evaluated for the beans: grain yield, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 1,000 seed weight. Evaluated for the cassava, were root production, shoot mass, harvest index, number of roots per plant, root length, root diameter, root dry matter, starch content and area-equivalence index. Conclusions from the results showed that efficient land-use was observed in the intercropping arrangements of single rows of cassava with one row of beans, and of double rows of cassava with two or three rows of beans, and these are therefore recommended. Bean-plant productivity is reduced regardless of the system used when compared to monocultures, and there was no reduction in cassava yield when intercropped with beans.
Resumo -Objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar a avaliação agroeconômica da produção consorciada de cultivares de feijão-caupi com cultivares de mandioca para mesa em uma área de cerrado do Estado de Roraima, visando o mercado de Boa Vista, em Roraima. O experimento foi instalado na área experimental do CCA/UFRR, no município de Boa Vista. Fez-se o plantio de duas cultivares de mandioca para mesa em 15 de agosto de 2007, em fi leira dupla, obedecendo ao espaçamento de 2,0 x 0,5 x 0,5 m, totalizando 16.000 plantas por hectare. Trinta dias após o plantio da mandioca para mesa, fez-se o plantio de quatro cultivares de feijão-caupi de porte semi-ereto entre as linhas duplas das cultivares de mandioca. O plantio foi realizado em sulcos, espaçados de 0,5 m, abertos manualmente por meio de enxada, deixando-se após desbaste, 8 plantas por metro. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, com três repetições. Os termos do fatorial referem-se as duas cultivares de mandioca e as quatro cultivares de feijão-caupi. Conclui-se que as maiores receitas líquidas são encontradas no consórcio de todas cultivares de feijão-caupi com a mandioca Aciolina e o consórcio da mandioca Aciolina com a cultivar de feijão-caupi UFRR Grão Ve r de, apresenta a maior relação benefício/custo (6,07), considerando apenas os custos variáveis, na comercialização de vagem verde para a obtenção de grão verde. Palavras-chave -Vigna unguiculata. Manihot esculenta. Relação benefício/custo. Consórcio. Receitas líquidas.Abstract -This study has as its objective the agricultural and economical evaluation of the intercropped production of cowpea varieties with cassava in the savannah (cerrado) area of the State of Roraima, considering the market of Boa Vista, Roraima. The experiment was done in an experimental area of CCA/UFRR, within the municipality of Boa Vista. Two varieties of cassava were planted in August 15, 2007, in double rows, at the spacing of 2.0 x 0.5 x 0.5 m, in a total of 16.000 plants per hectare. Thirty days after the cassava was planted, four varieties of cowpea beans were randomly planted between the double rows of the cassava varieties. The planting was realized in furrows, of 0.5 m distant, manually dug with a hoe, having 8 plants each meter. The random blocks of experimental delineation in a factorial scheme of 2 x 4, with three repetitions, was used. It was concluded that the best liquid return was obtained in the intercropping of all the varieties of cowpea with the Aciolina cassava variety. Further, the intercropping between the Aciolina cassava variety and the UFRR Grão Ve r de cowpea variety, demonstrated the best cost/benefi t (6.07) relationship, when only the variable costs were considered during the commercialization of the green string bean to obtain green beans.
Levantamento de plantas daninhas em área rotacionada com as culturas da soja, milho e arroz irrigado no cerrado de Roraima). As famílias com maior ocorrência foram as Amaranthaceae, Euphorbiaceae e Poaceae. Dentre as espécies, 82,60% pertencem à classe botânica das dicotiledôneas. Palavras-chave -Composição Florística. Matocompetição. Plantas invasoras.Abstract -This study had as its objective to identify and to quantify the levels of population density of the weeds species in crops rotated with soybean, rice, and corn in the savannah of The State of Roraima. Through the inventory square method, the identifi cation and count of the species was realized, with 30 sampling of 1m² in an area of 120 ha. Although some weeds have also been observed in other surveys in Brazil, some species were in insignifi cant levels of population in this survey, but were not considered as relevant, because the damage caused by weeds were infl uenced by both the density and the survivability of each species. The knowledge of the diversity and number of weeds in the crop is the fi rst step towards the realization of effective control. Therefore, it avoids unnecessary spending with inappropriate products and decreases the risks of environmental pollution arising from the misuse and abuse of herbicides. Twenty three species were identifi ed from 15 botanical families. The species with larger populations were Lindernia crustacea (288.667 plants ha ), and Physalis angulata (125.000 plantas ha -1 ). Families with higher prevalence were the Amaranthaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Poaceae. Within the species, 82.60% belong to the botanical class of dicots.
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