Self-efficacy is described as an important influencing factor of human behavior, linked to motivation and performance. Thus, its analysis in the educational context is relevant. The study aims to carry out a systematic review of self-efficacy in medical education, nationally and internationally, to analyze the main factors that impact the self-efficacy beliefs of medical professors and students. Therefore, we researched four databases: Virtual Health Library (BVS), Public Medline (PubMed), Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), and CAPES Portal, from 2015 to 2020, in Portuguese, Spanish, and English. The descriptors used were: “self-efficacy” and “medicine”, resulting in the selection of 20 studies. Based on the main objectives of the study, we created these categories: 1) self-efficacy and emotional factors, 2) self-efficacy and use of active teaching methodologies, 3) student self-efficacy and different teaching methods, 4) self-efficacy, motivation and self-regulated learning, and 5) student self-efficacy in a specific task and its correlation with performance. We concluded that the studies were consistent in qualifying self-efficacy as an important construct for medical education, associated with good emotional state, the development of teaching/learning strategies, and performance, in addition to pointing out the impact of the feedback type on the formation of student self-efficacy. As for the teaching methodology, it was not possible to confirm, in general, which is more favorable to strengthening self-efficacy, considering that other factors may be involved in the process.
RESUMOO Estado Social Democrático e as normas programáticas previstas na atual Constituição, propiciaram aumento da demanda ao Judiciário, face ao estabelecimento de uma conscientização de direitos. Nesse cenário, somando-se a intensa produção legislativa, abre-se espaço para implemento de mudanças no Judiciário, verificadas pela alteração na forma de julgar anteriormente embasada na subsunção do fato à norma, passando a adotar critérios finalísticos de hermenêutica, com aplicação de princípios gerais de direitos. Surgem, assim, a judicialização do direito e o ativismo judicial. Diversas decisões nesses moldes foram emanadas pelo Judiciário, as quais alcançam efeitos em questões sociais e políticas. Tal posicionamento traz à tona discussões sobre legitimidade dessa atuação. O presente aborda o assunto, trazendo aspectos históricos e decisões apresentando posicionamentos favoráveis e contrários. Concluiu-se que não há como defender a total ausência de atuação do Judiciário, mas não é razoável uma interferência judicial demasiada, sob pena de afronta ao princípio republicano.
RESUMOA existência da personalidade jurídica é defendida em especial pela segurança que esta gera aos empresários, sócios, garantindo a autonomia patrimonial dos bens particulares e estabelecendo, como limite para suportar os riscos de qualquer empreendimento, o capital social investido, sendo assim não haveria o risco de comprometimento do patrimônio pessoal do sócio. Ocorre que a personalidade jurídica em diversos casos tomou outro rumo e vem sendo utilizada para prática de ilícitos cíveis, de forma que para coibir esse abuso da personalidade faz-se necessário a existência de um instituto que trate a respeito. É nesse contexto que surge o objetivo da pesquisa, que visa analisar o instituto da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica, quais são seus requisitos para efetiva aplicação, sua real finalidade e efeitos gerados. Ao final conclui-se que o instituto tratado tem pleno e efetivo resultado em desmascarar as fraudes e proteger os credores contra atos ilícitos da pessoa jurídica. Palavras chave: Sociedade, fraude, personalidade jurídica, desconsideração, credor. DISREGARD DOCTRINE: A INSTITUTE FOR JUSTICE ABSTRACTThe existence of legal personality is defended in particular the security that brings entrepreneurs and members, ensuring equity autonomy of private property and establishing, as a limit to bear the risks of any enterprise, the capital invested, so there would be no risk to achieve the personal property of the partner.It turns out that the legal personality in many cases took a new direction and has been used for the practice of civil illicit, so that to curb this abuse of personality it is necessary the existence of an institute that treats it. It is in this context that the objective of the research arises, which aims to analyze the disregard of the Institute of legal personality, what are your requirements for effective implementation, its real purpose and generated effects. At the end it is concluded that the treaty institute has full and effective results in unmasking fraud and protect creditors against illicit acts of the juridical person.
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