Iliac vein compression syndrome is a clinical condition in which the right common iliac artery extrinsically compresses the left common iliac vein. The syndrome predominantly affects young women between their 2nd and 4th decades of life. In view of the syndrome's potential complications, it should be recognized/diagnosed and treated in symptomatic patients before it causes irreversible damage to patients' venous systems. Noninvasive methods, such as venous color Doppler US are reasonable screening methods, but angiotomography and magnetic resonance angiography are more reliable diagnostic tools and the method of choice for confirmation of diagnosis remains multi-plane phlebography with measurement of pressure gradients. Endovascular treatment (angioplasty with placement of self-expanding stents) is safe and effective and can replace open surgical reconstruction and/or anticoagulation alone.

The local complications of penetrating injuries involving arteries include hematoma, pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistulas. Traumatic injuries to the deep femoral artery are uncommon because of its anatomic location. We report the case of a young male patient who was victim of a stab wound to the posterior thigh who was later diagnosed with an injury to the descending branch of the deep femoral artery and treated using endovascular techniques. A review of the literature confirmed the rarity of the case, since the majority of cases of traumatic injuries to the deep femoral artery that have been reported were due to complications during orthopedic procedures or fractures involving the proximal femur.Keywords: penetrating wounds; femoral artery; injuries; therapeutic embolization; endovascular procedures. ResumoAs complicações locais de uma lesão arterial penetrante incluem hematoma, pseudoaneurisma e formação de fístula arteriovenosa. A artéria femoral profunda, por sua localização anatômica, é sede infrequente de lesões traumáticas. Relatamos um caso de paciente jovem, vítima de agressão por arma branca em face posterior de coxa, em que foi diagnosticada, tardiamente, lesão de ramo descendente da artéria femoral profunda, sendo então tratada com técnica endovascular. A revisão de literatura corrobora a raridade do caso, sendo a maioria dos casos de lesão traumática de artéria femoral profunda relatada como decorrente de complicação de procedimentos ortopédicos ou fraturas envolvendo o fêmur proximal.

Resumo O rim em ferradura é a anomalia congênita renal mais comum, ocorrendo em 0,15 a 0,25% de nascidos vivos. A associação de rim em ferradura com aneurisma de aorta abdominal é rara, estando presente em apenas 0,12% dos pacientes submetidos a tratamento dos aneurismas de aorta abdominal. Este desafio terapêutico consiste em um caso de um paciente portador de um aneurisma de aorta abdominal sintomático associado a rim em ferradura. A irrigação do rim em ferradura dava-se por meio de quatro artérias, sendo que duas delas emergiam diretamente do saco aneurismático. O caso foi solucionado por meio de cirurgia aberta, em caráter de urgência, com acesso transperitoneal, interposição de enxerto de Dacron bifurcado aorto bi-ilíaco e reimplante das duas artérias renais anômalas no corpo principal do Dacron. O paciente teve boa evolução pós-operatória, recebendo alta da unidade de tratamento intensivo no 3º dia e alta hospitalar no 8º dia, mantendo níveis normais de creatinina sérica.

Background: Diagnostic services are an essential component of high-quality surgical, anesthesia and obstetric (SAO) care. Efforts to scale up SAO care in Latin America have often overlooked diagnostics capacity. This study aims to analyze the capacity of diagnostic services, including radiology, pathology, and laboratory medicine, in hospitals providing SAO care in the states of Chiapas, Mexico and Amazonas, Brazil. Methods: A stratified cross-sectional evaluation of diagnostic capacity in hospitals performing surgery in Chiapas and Amazonas was performed using the Surgical Assessment Tool (SAT). National data sources were queried for indicators of diagnostics capacity in terms of workforce, infrastructure and diagnosis utilization. Fisher's exact tests and chi-square tests were used to compare categorical variables between the private and public sector in Chiapas while descriptive statistics are used to compare Amazonas and Chiapas. Findings: In Chiapas, 53% (n = 17) of public and 34% (n = 20) of private hospitals providing SAO care were assessed. More private hospitals than public hospitals could always provide x-rays (35% vs 23.5%) and ultrasound (85% vs 47.1%). However neither sector could consistently perform basic laboratory testing such as complete blood counts (70.6% public, 65% private). In Amazonas, 30% (n = 18) of rural hospitals were surveyed. Most had functioning x-ray machine (77.8%) and ultrasound (55.6%). The majority of hospitals could provide complete blood count (66.7%) but only one hospital (5.6%) could always perform an infectious panel. Both Chiapas and Amazonas had dramatically fewer diagnostic practitioners per capita in each state compared to the national average capacity. Interpretation: Facilities providing SAO care in low-resource states in Mexico and Brazil often lack functioning diagnostics services and workforce. Scale-up of diagnostic services is essential to improve SAO care and should occur with emphasis on equitable and adequate resource allocation.