Agronomic practices can modify olive fruit and oil quality. However, there is little information on the influence of fertigation, a common practice in most intensive orchards. We studied nutrient distribution in the soil profile following fertigation with different doses of N-P-K fertilizer, and its effect on nutrient concentrations, yield and both table olive In 2003, NO 3 -N, P and K concentrations in the root zone wetted by irrigation were studied: they increased with respect to those in the drying zone, showing a general linear relationship with fertilizer dose, particularly in the top soil layer where most of the olive roots were active. In the 600 g N treatment, leaching losses were observed at 0.8-0.9 m depth, possibly leading to groundwater contamination. We found an increase in fruit yield with increasing fertilizer dose, likely due to the observed greater concentrations of NO 3 -N, P and K in the soil. In fact, our data show a positive relationship between increased soil NO 3 -N, P and K availability and higher leaf N, P, K concentrations. This could have accounted for the observed increase in canopy volume, fruit number per tree and fruit weight with the amount of fertilizer.Despite the fact that fruit weight, pulp/stone ratio and volume increased with fertilizer dose, reducing sugars, necessary for olive fermentation, and pulp texture decreased. Differences in texture remained after 'Spanish-style' green olive processing. In addition, no differences were found in oil content but its quality was negatively affected with increasing fertilizer: in particular, polyphenol total content, bitterness, oxidative stability and the relation of monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased with fertilizer dose.

Leaf water potential (') and leaf conductance (gl) were measured in the field in 20-year-old olive trees subjected to two treatments of soil water content (dry-farming and drip-irrigation). Differences between treatments of up to 0.35 MPa were observed in predawn , values. At midday, these differences were of up to 0.83 MPa. However, no significant differences between treatments were observed in gl values. Maximum gl values of about 0.77 cm S-l were found early in the morning, clossing the stomata afterwards. In just 12 hours after rewatering following the drought period, the differences between treatments on , values were reduced from 0.29 MPa to 0.14 MPa for predawn values, and from 0.64 MPa to 0.23 MPa for midday values. The recovery was virtually total at the third day after rewatering.

The aim of this work was to evaluate, for an olive orchard in the Aljarafe county, the method developed by Orgaz et al.

No abstract

El presente artículo explora las implicancias políticas de la informalidad precaria referida al emporio comercial de Gamarra, el más importante del Perú, ubicado en su capital, Lima. Sostenemos que la informalidad precaria, precisamente desde la experiencia del tiempo ─donde los trabajadores se sienten “de paso”─, despolitiza a los pobres urbanos. Así los trabajadores no se apropian del lugar y no buscan cuestionar las condiciones precarias en las que trabajan. La pregunta que guio la investigación fue: ¿Cómo se despolitiza a los trabajadores del emporio Gamarra desde la experiencia del tiempo en entornos de precariedad informal? Metodológicamente, el dato se construyó desde una investigación etnográfica, sobre cuatro tipos de trabajadores: ambulantes, talleristas, jaladores y vendedoras. El arco de tiempo acotado fue del período 2012-2018.