Pleurotus djamor is an edible mushroom that has medicinal properties. This study aimed to assess the in vitro activity of P. djamor extracts and fractions against Haemonchus contortus eggs and exsheathed infective larvae (L). Crude hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained by maceration and fractions were obtained through chromatography. Metabolite identity was determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The results showed that P. djamor extracts had no significant activity against eggs at the concentrations used. However, the extract showed 98.7% and 77% larval mortality 72 h postconfrontation at 320 and at 160 mg/mL, respectively. The chromatography analysis resulted in 23 fractions that were eventually grouped into three fractions (E1, E2, and E3). These fractions showed the following egg hatching inhibition percentages: E1 = 100, E2 = 38.7, and E3 = 5.5 at 10 mg/mL concentration 72 h postexposure. Likewise, larval mortality percentages after this period were 90.6, 100, and 0.44 at 40 mg/mL (P < .05), respectively. The GC-MS showed five major compounds in E1 fraction, including four fatty acids: (i) pentadecanoic, (ii) hexadecanoic, (iii) octadecadienoic, (iv) octadecanoic acid, and one terpene identified as β-sitosterol. We concluded that the edible mushroom P. djamor possesses nematicidal metabolites, which could be used as an alternative anthelmintic treatment.

In this work, the white-rot fungus Pleurotus djamor was used for the first time to determine the degradation kinetics of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac, naproxen and, ketoprofen, either individually or in mixtures, in submerged cultures. Removal of 93% individual diclofenac and 99% diclofenac in mixtures with naproxen and ketoprofen at 6 h of incubation with the fungus was achieved. The elimination levels of naproxen and ketoprofen individually were 90% and 87%, respectively, after 48 h of incubation. However, the removal levels of these compounds in mixtures were 85% and 83%, respectively. On the other hand, during the degradation kinetics analysis, the enzymatic activities of laccases, manganese peroxidases, and lignin peroxidases were evaluated, yielding values of 3700, 270 and 31 U/L, respectively. Additionally, it was demonstrated that during degradation of diclofenac or the three drugs mixed in the submerged cultures, the enzymatic activity of extracellular laccases expressed by P. djamor increased by 200% and 300%, respectively. The activity of manganese peroxides increased by 126% with diclofenac and 138% when the mixture of drugs was added to the cultures. On the other hand, lignin peroxidase only increased activity by 123% with the drug mixture.

<p><strong>Background</strong>. Worldwide, gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) cause losses in livestock production, because in some animals they can cause weight loss or death. Combating these GIN has been based on the use of anthelmintics. However, the misuse of these treatments has caused anthelmintic resistance. Therefore, there is currently a search for new biological alternatives for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes. One of these alternatives is the use of fungal extracts for nematode control. <strong>Objectives.</strong> To utilize the <em>in vitro</em> larval exsheathment inhibition test to evaluate organic extracts of edible fungi <em>Pleurotus eryngii</em>, <em>P. djamor </em>and <em>Lentinula edodes</em>, against <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> (L3). <strong>Methodology.</strong> Extracts were prepared from the basidiomes of the fungal species mentioned. In the case of <em>P. eryngii</em> and <em>P. djamor</em>, they were placed in a hydroalcoholic mixture (methanol/water 70:30). On the other hand, <em>L. edodes</em> basidiomes were macerated with distilled water for 24 hours. The extracts were filtered with a cotton/gauze system and through Whatman paper (#4) and were concentrated using a rotary evaporator until the liquid residue was removed and kept at -4 °C until use. To determine the percentage of larval exsheathment inhibition, larvae were exposed to different concentrations (156.25, 312.5, 625, 1250, and 2500 µg/mL) with their respective negative controls (PBS) for 60 minutes. The effective concentration 50% (EC₅₀) was calculated by means of probit analysis. <strong>Results.</strong> The extracts with the best activity were <em>P</em>.<em> djamor </em>and <em>L</em>.<em> edodes</em> with an effective concentration (EC₅₀) of 533.3 and 558.5 µg/mL, respectively. <strong>Implications.</strong> This <em>in vitro</em> evaluation provides results that suggest the need for further <em>in vitro</em> studies with more fungi species and other types of extraction procedures. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> The present study demonstrated that the use of extracts of <em>P. eryngii</em>, <em>P. djamor</em> and <em>L. edodes</em> was shown to have <em>in vitro</em> anthelmintic activity against the larval exsheathment of <em>H</em>.<em> contortus</em>.</p>

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