Introduction. Habit is any act acquired through experience and performed regularly and unconsciously. Parafunctional habits are resulting from the perversion of a normal function, acquired by repeated practice of an act that is not functional or necessary, may be signs of adjustment problems or inappropriate emotional expression. Its importance lies in the fact that they can interfere with the development of dental occlusion. Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of parafunctional oral habits and their possible association with the type of family, in a group of preschool children from eastern Mexico City. Methodology. Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carrying on. Preschool children group and their parents were surveyed before an examiner calibration (k =0.87, p=0.001). The detection of different parafunctional habits was conducted in two stages: 1) application of a parent questionnaire and 2) clinical assessment of the child. Results and discussion. 57.7% of the studied population had at least one parafunctional oral habit. Onycophagia habit was the most prevalent. The relationship between prevalence of parafunctional habits with family type was significant (X 2 =87.439, p=0.0001). Conclusions. The prevalence of parafunctional habits was high which was associated with family type also the most frequent parafunctional habit onycophagia. Keywords: Prevalence Studies, bruxism, thumb sucking, bottle feeding, sucking behavior.Hábitos orales parafuncionales y su relación con la estructura familiar en un grupo de preescolares mexicanos, 2013.Resumen: Introducción. Un hábito es cualquier acto adquirido mediante la experiencia y realizado regular e inconscientemente. Los hábitos bucales parafuncionales son los que resultan de la alteración de una función normal, o los que se adquieren por la práctica repetida de un acto que no es funcional ni necesario, pudiendo ser signos de problemas de adaptación o de expresión emocional inadecuada. Su importancia radica en el hecho de que pueden interferir con el desarrollo de la oclusión dental, razón por la cual el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de hábitos bucales parafuncionales y su posible relación con la estructura familiar, en un grupo de preescolares de un Centro de Desarrollo Infantil del oriente de la Ciudad de México. Metodología. El estudio fue de carácter observacional, descriptivo y transversal, en el que 111 preescolares y sus padres fueron encuestados previa calibración de una examinadora (k=0.87, p=0.001). La detección de los diferentes hábitos bucales parafuncionales se realizó en dos etapas: 1) aplicación de un cuestionario al padre de familia y 2) valoración clínica del niño. Resultados y discusión. El 57.7% de la población estudiada presentó, al menos un hábito bucal parafuncional. La onicofagia fue el hábito de mayor prevalencia. La relación entre la prevalencia de hábitos parafuncionales con la estructura familiar resultó ser significativa (X 2 =87.439, p=0.0001). Conclusiones. La prevalencia de hábito...

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), and oral hygiene with periodontal disease (PD) in a group of elderly adults in Mexico City. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 151 elderly adults was conducted. Before applying the epidemiological survey, each subject was asked to sign an informed consent. Standardization for measuring Ramfjord's Periodontal Disease Index (PDI), BMI, and Green and Vermilion's OHI-S was carried out. Descriptive statistics and linear regression models were performed. Results: The 93.4% of the group had PD, 33.8% showed severe gingivitis and 20.5% mild gingivitis. A 28.5% five percent of the group had osteopenia and 18.5% had osteoporosis, being more common in people over 69 years. The 38.4% percent of the group was underweight and 53.0% had poor oral hygiene. Oral hygiene accounted for 63.1% of the PD variance (p=0.0001), figure that did not increase considerably by adding BMD and BMI variables to the regression model. Conclusion: The frequency of PD in this group of elderly adults was high and significantly associated with BMD, BMI, and mainly oral hygiene.

Bruxism is a parafunctional habit characterized by the relentless action of clenching and grinding teeth in an inappropriate way. It can be developed when dental occlusion is altered due to premature contacts between teeth and excursive occlusal interferences. These features can influence its frequency, intensity and duration. The objective of the study was to evaluate the frequency of the habit of bruxism and its relationship with the type of dental occlusion in a group of teenagers. A total of 278 teenagers enrolled in undergraduate level were examined. A questionnaire and an oral examination were conducted for the epidemiological survey. For this purpose, an examiner was previously standardized (malocclusion kappa=0.89, bruxism kappa=0.93). A 51.5% of the adolescents presented bruxism. It was more frequent in the category of the 17-year-olds, with no significant differences by sex. An 81.4% showed a type of dental malocclusion, of which 57.6% were cases of Class I malocclusion, 21.4% of Class II and 2.4% of Class III, without a relationship between bruxism and these categories of dental malocclusion. Conclusion. Bruxism frequency was high, with similar distribution by sex. No association with the type of dental occlusion or with dental malocclusion frequency was found.