High-mountain basins provide a source of valuable water resources. This paper presents hydrological models for the evaluation of water resources in the highmountain Zêzere river basin in Serra da Estrela, Central Portugal. Models are solved with VISUAL BALAN v2.0, a code which performs daily water balances in the root zone, the unsaturated zone and the aquifer and requires a small number of parameters. A lumped hydrological model fails to fit measured stream flows. Its limitations are overcome by considering the dependence of the temperature and precipitation data with elevation and the spatial variability in hydrogeomorphological variables with nine sub-basins of uniform parameters. Model parameters are calibrated by fitting stream flow measurements in the Zêzere river. Computed stream flows are highly sensitive to soil thickness, whereas computed groundwater recharge is most sensitive to the interflow and percolation recession coefficients. Interflow is the main component of total runoff, ranging from 41 to 55% of annual precipitation. High interflows are favored by the steep relief of the basin, by the presence of a high permeability soil overlying the fractured low permeability granitic bedrock and by the extensive subhorizontal fracturing at shallow depths. Mean annual groundwater recharge ranges from 11 to 15% of annual precipitation. It has a significant uncertainty due to uncertainties in soil parameters. This methodology proves to be useful to handle the research difficulties regarding a complex mountain basin in a context of data scarcity.

The aim of this paper is to review the results of the assessment of low-temperature geothermal resources (issue temperatures between 41 and 77°C) that occur in the Portuguese mainland. For this purpose, a multidisciplinary approach, including geologic, tectonic, geochemical, geophysical and isotopic (δ 2 H, δ 18 O, δ 13 C, 3 H and 14 C) techniques, was applied in order to update local and/or regional conceptual circulation models. Three case studies of N-Portugal are presented and discussed. This paper describes different low-temperature geothermal waters presenting similar hydrogeological conceptual models but rather different geochemical signatures (e.g., HCO 3 -Na with pH ≈ 8, HCO 3 /Na/ CO 2 -rich with pH ≈ 7 and HCO 3 -Na with pH ≈ 9, type waters). In fact, in the studied low-temperature geothermal systems, local/ regional high altitude sites associated with highly fractured rocks play an important role in conducting the infiltrated meteoric waters towards the discharge zones near the Spas. The discharge zones are mainly related to the intersection of major regional fault lineaments (and conjugate structures), responsible for creating the mineral waters ascent. In some cases, geochemical and isotopic data point out to the existence of anthropogenic contamination of some geothermal spring waters related to the intense use of fertilizers in areas of widespread agricultural practices.

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ResumoEste estudo apresenta dados normativos de familiaridade para utilização enquanto base para controlo e manipulação de substantivos comuns em Portugal. Medidas de familiaridade com o referente e com o significado (Larochelle & Saumier, 1993) No âmbito das investigações experimentais em psicologia, a construção e utilização de medidas das características de palavras (ou dos seus correspondentes conceitos, entendidos como representações mentais) começou sobretudo nos anos cinquenta e com grande desenvolvimento a partir dos anos sessenta do século XX (Marques, 1998;Marshall & Cofer, 1963;Miller & Glucksberg, 1988; VikisFreibergs, 1994). Nessa altura, como agora, as medidas recolhidas servem como base a partir da qual se selecciona o material experimental para efeitos de manipulação e/ou controlo de determinadas dimensões das palavras que são depois utilizadas em estudos empíricos com os mais diversos paradigmas experimentais.Quando se consideram as palavras (ou os conceitos que lhes estão associados) enquanto elementos isolados, a característica que é mais vezes tomada em consideração para selecção e controlo dos materiais experimentais é sem dúvida o grau de familiaridade que as pessoas em geral têm com cada palavra. Como medida desta característica, os psicólogos voltaram-se desde logo para as bases de dados linguísticos e para a chamada "frequência linguística" ou frequência da palavra na língua, correspondendo a uma medida da frequência com que o indivíduo encontra as palavras (Gernsbacher, 1984). A Laboratório de Psicologia, (2)1: 5-19 (2004) © 2004 Normas de familiaridade para substantivos comuns J. Frederico Marques Universidade de LisboaA correspondência relativa a este artigo deverá ser enviada para: J. Frederico Marques,

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