<p>La papa (<em>Solanum tuberosum</em> L.) es uno de los cultivos de mayor consumo humano a nivel mundial. El cultivo es amenazado desde sus inicios por distintos organismos; algunos de ellos ocasionan daños superficiales en los tubérculos, que reducen la calidad y apariencia lo que provoca el rechazo por el consumidor. De un total de 34 muestras de tubérculos de papa destinados para consumo humano, obtenidas mediante muestreo visual dirigido, en la Central de Abastos de Ecatepec, se identificaron a los microorganismos asociados a algún daño físico o alteración superficial; además, de manchas atípicas en la superficie de tubérculos. Del total de las muestras en el 50% se identificaron a las bacterias <em>Enterobacter aerogenes</em>, <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em> y <em>Streptomyces</em> sp. En el 41% se identificaron a hongos y protozoarios como <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, <em>F. solani</em>, <em>F. verticillioides</em>, <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>, <em>Alternaria</em> sp., <em>Colletotrichum</em> sp., <em>Clonostachys</em> sp., <em>Geotrichum</em> sp., y <em>Spongospora subterranea</em> f. sp. <em>subterranea</em>. Del 9% de las muestras restantes no se identificó ningún organismo relacionado al daño.</p>
El manzano es uno de los principales frutales de importancia económica para México. Se ve afectado por diferentes plagas, una de ellas el caracol común de jardín (Helix aspersa), que se alimenta de hojas y fruta en desarrollo en la localidad de Mesa Miñaca, Guerrero, Chihuahua, desde 2013. A la fecha se desconocen las causas que han favorecido la presencia y dispersión de la plaga en esa localidad.
There are three races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) that affect bananas and plantains, though the Cavendish group banana cultivars are resistant to Foc race 1 (FocR1) and Foc race 2 (FocR2). However, there are no effective control methods for the Tropical Race 4 (R4T). The foregoing makes it necessary to generate biological control strategies for FocR2 fungal model that is present in Mexico, forecasting the potential introduction of FocR4T into our country. In vitro inhibition was evaluated of bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis (BASU), B. velezensis (BAVE), and B. sonorensis (BASO) against three isolates of FocR2 (MIC17188, MIC17191 and MIC17192), obtained from plant samples collected in three banana production sites in the states of Puebla, Michoacán and Oaxaca. At 14 days, the strain BASU had in average high inhibition (55.1%) in comparison to BAVE and BASO strains (45.8 and 21.7%, respectively) against the three fungal strains mentioned before. In addition, the in vitro inhibition of Paenibacillus sp. (BSP 1.1) and Serratia sp. (AC35) was also evaluated by considering three pre-inoculation timings; the strain BSP1.1 showed high inhibition (80.1%) when pre-inoculated individually seven days before the fungus and at seven days of confrontation.
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