Formas perniciosas de declínio cognitivo são causadas por uma variedade de condições neuropatológicas. Entre as causas das condições de declínio cognitivo pernicioso está a Demência de Corpos de Lewy (DCL). Apesar de representar a segunda causa mais comum de demência neurodegenerativa em idosos, é ainda pouco conhecida pelos psicólogos. Os psicólogos podem contribuir de forma significativa no processo de avaliação cognitiva e de diagnóstico diferencial entre essa condição neurodegenerativa e condições neuropsiquiátricas. O conhecimento da DCL é, portanto, extremamente importante e pode significar uma diminuição na taxa de mortalidade.Palavras-chave: demência de corpos de Lewy, declínio cognitivo, avaliação cognitiva Abbreviated review for psychologists of the second most common cause of neurodegenerative disease in elderly peopleMalignant forms of cognitive decline are caused by a variety of neuropathological conditions. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is among such conditions. Even though such a condition represents the second most frequent cause of neurodegenerative dementia in elderly people, it is still very little known by psychologists. Psychologists can play a very important role in the process of cognitive evaluation and differential diagnosis between this neurodegenerative condition and neuropsychiatric conditions. Knowledge of DLB is thus extremely important and it may mean a decrease in fatality rate.
Três intervenções de curto prazo têm sido validadas no tratamento do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH): a intervenção psicoterapêutica (comportamental), a intervenção psicofarmacológica e a combinação entre ambas. O presente artigo revê questões clínicas envolvidas no uso dessas intervenções, as suas limitações e as evidências da sua eficácia. A perspectiva psicoterapêutica (comportamental), na forma de Treino Comportamental para Pais (TCP) e na Gestão de Contingências do Comportamento (GCC) em sala de aula, mostra-se particularmente eficaz. Palavras-chave: Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade. Intervenção psicoterapêutica (comportamental). Intervenção psicofarmacológica.
Considering that the use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems (AACS) has been recommended for children who are severely impaired in their development of communicative abilities, it may be assumed that caregivers' attitudes toward AACS would be driven by children's degree of cognitive and linguistic impairments. To verify this, 40 dyads of children with cerebral palsy and their primary caregivers participated in this study evaluating children's degree of cognitive and linguistic impairments through the use of Battelle's questionnaire, and the caregivers' attitudes toward AACS by means of a Likert scale containing 15 items. Results showed that the provider's most negative attitudes toward the use of AACS were found among those caring for children with the most severe impairments.
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