SUMMARYThis work is concerned with the numerical simulation of two-dimensional viscoelastic free surface flows of a second-order fluid. The governing equations are solved by a finite difference technique based on the marker-and-cell philosophy. A staggered grid is employed and marker particles are used to represent the fluid free surface. Full details for the approximation of the free surface stress conditions are given. The resultant code is validated and convergence is demonstrated. Numerical simulations of the extrudate swell and flow through a planar 4:1 contraction for various values of the Deborah number are presented.
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Aos Meus Pais
AgradecimentosPrincipalmente a Deus e a meus pais Nair Vasques Doricio e Dalvo Doricio pela ajuda e incentivo em todos os momentos.Ao meu orientador Prof. Dr. Murilo F. Tomé pelo incentivo, amizade e colaboração durante a realização desse trabalho.
Resumo. Neste trabalho apresenta-se um método numérico para simular escoamentos viscoelásticos com superfícies livres de fluidos de segunda ordem com elasticidade moderada. As equações governantes são resolvidas utilizando uma técnica de diferenças finitas baseada na metodologia GENSMAC. Uma malha deslocadaé empregada e partículas marcadoras são usadas para representar a superfície livre do fluido. O método numérico apresentado nesse trabalhoé validado utilizando escoamento totalmente desenvolvido entre duas placas paralelas.
this study, a computational tool, called Improved Differential Evolution with parallel processing, is developed using the concept of evolution shuffled sets. Moreover, three different metaheuristics are applied to obtain the problem solution. Five robotic applications are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed methodology.
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