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12A sensitive, economic, rapid and simple method for the determination of four N-

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A simple, economic, sensitive and rapid method for the determination of the pesticide diquat was described. This new method was based on the coupling of FIA methodology and direct chemiluminescent detection; to the authors knowledge this approach had not been used up to now with this pesticide. It was based on its oxidation with ferricyanide in alkaline medium; significant improvements in the analytical signal were achieved by using high temperatures and quinine as sensitizer. Its high throughput (144 h -1 ), together with its low limit of detection (2 ng mL -1 ), achieved without need of preconcentration steps, permitted the reliable quantification of diquat over the linear range of (0.01-0.6) µg mL -1 in samples from different origins (river, tap, mineral and ground waters), even in the presence of a 40-fold concentration of paraquat, pesticide commonly present in the commercial formulations of diquat.

The analyses of pesticides carried out by coupling flow injection analysis with chemiluminescence (CL) detection during the last ten years are reported in this review. The review is divided into three sections devoted to the different families of pesticides, namely, organophosphorus, carbamates (together with dithiocarbamates) and other pesticides from the remaining groups. Relevant analytical data such as limits of detection, dynamic ranges, recoveries and sample pretreatments are recorded in three tables. Descriptions about the fundamentals of the CL systems used and new promising approaches as photoinduced chemiluminescence (PICL), multicommutation and molecular connectivity are also included.