The objective of this paper is to analyse how the economic conditions and the cultural values of a country influence its level of entrepreneurial activity. To this end, panel data is utilised. An innovative approach is applied, which adapts itself to the fact that the cultural values remain fairly stable over time, while the economic conditions are changeable. Specifically, a stochastic frontier production model is set in which the changeable economic conditions determine the frontier (maximum) for the entrepreneurship rate of a country, while the stable prevailing cultural values explain the level of efficiencyinefficiency. Specifically, embeddedness is the cultural value that has the strongest relationship with the level of efficiency.
The main goal of a scientific journal is to diffuse new knowledge. The number of citations received by a journal can be considered as a measure of this objective and, in turn, as a measure of productivity in relation to the production process in which the journals are involved. In order to assess this production process, in this paper econometric models using data panel are employed to obtain measures of efficiency for those journals belonging simultaneously to the areas of “economics” and “social science, mathematical methods” in the Web of Science database. This efficiency is measured in terms of the distance between the actual production of the journals and their estimated maximum achievable number of citations based on their available resources.
El uso del método de máxima verosimilitud para estimar modelos de producción Half-Normal con frontera estocástica conlleva algunas dificultades prácticas que tal vez no han sido suficientemente enfatizadas. Usando el software FRONTIER, analizamos el caso en que la estimación sugiere la ausencia de factores aleatorios en el término de error compuesto. Hemos comprobado que existen motivos para pensar que las estimaciones de los parámetros y, sobre todo, sus errores estándar son de dudosa validez. El software LIMDEP no obtiene estimaciones en este caso, ofreciendo un mensaje de error.
En este trabajo se obtienen diversas identidades relativas a la espezanza, varianza, covarianza, función de distribución acumulada, coeficiente de variación y curva de Lorenz que se usarán para obtener resultados teóricos interesantes. Se construye, además, una representación gráfica de la varianza, la cual, utilizando las propiedades obtenidas, nos indica que el cuadrado del coeficiente de variación se puede considerar como una medida de igualdad, de igual forma que se considera al índice de Gini. En este artículo también se lleva a cabo un estudio de las similitudes entre la expresión teórica del índice de Gini y el cuadrado del coeficiente de variación.
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