Protein phosphorylation is regulated by the activity of enzymes generically known as kinases. One of those kinases is Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK), which operate through a phosphorylation cascade conformed by members from three related protein kinase families namely MAPK kinase kinase (MEKK), MAPK kinase (MEK), and MAPK; these three acts hierarchically. Establishing the evolution of these proteins in the plant kingdom is an interesting but complicated task because the current MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK subfamilies arose from duplications and subsequent sub-functionalization during the early stage of the emergence of Viridiplantae. Here, anin silicogenomic analysis was performed on 18 different plant species, which resulted in the identification of 96 genes not previously annotated as components of the MAPK (70) and MEK (26) families. Interestingly, a deeper analysis of the sequences encoded by such genes revealed the existence of putative domains not previously described as signatures of MAPK and MEK kinases. Additionally, our analysis also suggests the presence of conserved activation motifs besides the canonical TEY and TDY domains, which characterize the MAPK family.
Los módulos de señalización mediados por cinasas de proteína activadas por mitógenos o MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, por sus siglas en inglés), participan en la transducción de distintos tipos de señales mediante la fosforilación de diversos sustratos como las enzimas, componentes estructurales, factores transcripcionales e incluso otras cinasas. Estos módulos están conformados por miembros de tres familias de proteinas diferentes, denominadas MAPK, MEK o MAPKK (MAP cinasa cinasa) y MEKK o MAPKKK (MAP cinasa cinasa cinasa), que se activan de manera secuencial por la fosforilación de residuos de aminoácidos localizados en el dominio de activación. Mediante cascadas de MAPK las células responden a distintos tipos de estrés, además, se ha demostrado que las hormonas vegetales también ejercen su efecto en los programas de crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas a través de estas mismas vías de señalización. En este trabajo se presenta un panorama general de los diversos mecanismos de señalización por hormonas en Arabidopsis thaliana L., en los que están involucradas cascadas de señalización de MAPK.
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