Donation after the circulatory determination of death (DCDD) has emerged as a valuable strategy to increase the availability of organs for transplantation. 1 In 2018, 23% of the 39 357 deceased organ donors reported to the Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation had been declared dead by circulatory criteria. 2,3 DCDD also provides the opportunity of posthumous donation when patients die following an unsuccessfully-resuscitated cardiac arrest (uncontrolled DCDD [uDCDD]) or the decision to withdraw of life-sustaining therapies (WLSTs) that are no longer deemed beneficial to the patient (controlled DCDD [cDCDD]). 4cDCDD programs already exist in 17 countries throughout the world. 2,3,5 In cDCDD, the effects of warm ischemia during the agonal period after the WLST and following the cessation of circulation are further exacerbated during the later phase of cold
Background The utilization of non‐lung organs from deceased donors with a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) at the time of donation can be lifesaving, although the safety of this policy must be assessed. Methods This is a nationwide, prospective study, reporting the experience on the utilization of non‐lung organs from SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive donors between December 15, 2020 and May 31, 2022 in Spain. Results A total of 69 patients received a solid organ transplant (41 kidney, 18 liver, 8 heart, and 2 combined liver–kidney) obtained from 32 donors with a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR at the time of donation (four of them with a cycle threshold value <30). All recipients tested negative for SARS‐CoV‐2 and were free of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) symptoms prior to transplantation. Nasopharyngeal swab turned positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR in 4 (5.8%) recipients at 3, 8, 11, and 20 days after transplantation, though evidence did not support a donor‐derived COVID‐19. Four kidney recipients lost their grafts and two patients died: one heart recipient due to cardiogenic shock and one combined liver–kidney recipient due to lung hypertension and right heart failure. Graft losses and patient deaths were deemed unrelated to the donor SARS‐CoV‐2 status by the treating teams. No other adverse reactions were reported. Conclusions This preliminary experience supports the safety of the use of organs other than lungs from SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR‐positive donors, in alignment with previous series. However, the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection upon organ quality should be established in future research.
When the GoPro camera was first put on the market in 2004, it brought about a new generation of ultracompact cameras designed to be attached to the user's body, and which came to be known as action cams. Their principal characteristics were their tiny size, their high-quality images and a wide-angle, fixed-focal-length lens. This combination has made it much simpler to get spectacular subjective shots with considerable depth of field. The users of this technology now form a whole generation of citizen-filmmakers who produce thousands of videos every day in a novel realistic style dominated by firstperson narrative. Their work is principally shared via video platforms like YouTube and Vimeo, which provide instant feedback in the form of millions of views. In this paper we analize the common features of the action cam recording style and we state these videos will bring about a redefinition of the realist visual style. Furthermore, we propose to relate the success of the action cam phenomenon with the cognitive concept of embodiment and argue that the viewer's mirror neurons copy the real sensations and enable the viewer to experience, virtually and in safety, the same emotions felt by the person actually taking part in the action..
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