Patients' relatives delayed help seeking after a first psychotic episode Demora na procura por tratamento pelos familiares de pacientes após um primeiro episódio psicótico A b s t r a c t Objective: Recent studies show that proper treatment after the first psychotic episode may be delayed for a long time. Some patients remain without care even while exhibiting serious symptoms. The objective of the study was to understand the reasons why patients' relatives waited at least 6 months to look for psychiatric counseling and treatment. Method: Qualitative analyses of semi-structured interviews with 15 relatives (of patients with first psychotic episode) who have waited more than six months before seeking psychiatric treatment were applied. The interviews were recorded; transcribed and relevant portions were codified and grouped, forming terms, concepts or categories. Results: These family members referred to individuals with mental problems in other families in a stereotyped fashion, citing negative aspects such as violence and criminality. They used softer terms when referring to their family members. Not knowing that their sick relative to be a case of mental illness, relatives classified certain observed behaviors as coming principally from spiritual problems and drug use. The initial delay in seeking medical help for the sick person was influenced by: 1) stereotyped misconceptions used by relatives to understand mental problems; 2) explanatory models elaborated to try to understand the sick person's behavior; 3) fear of psychiatric treatment; and 4) negative experiences with psychiatric services. Conclusions: Cultural aspects are present at all levels of this elaboration process. Their proper understanding by physicians can considerably diminish relatives' pain and suffering.Keywords: Psychiatry; Psychotic disorders; Qualitative research; Patient care; Social environment Resumo Objetivo: Estudos recentes demonstram que o início do tratamento apropriado após o primeiro episódio psicótico pode ser adiado por um longo tempo. Alguns pacientes permanecem sem atenção profissional mesmo apresentando sintomas graves. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de compreender as razões pelas quais os parentes dos pacientes demoram pelo menos seis meses para procurar aconselhamento e tratamento psiquiátricos. Método: Foram realizadas análises qualitativas de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 15 parentes (de pacientes em seu primeiro episodio psicótico) que demoraram mais de seis meses para buscar tratamento psiquiátrico. As entrevistas foram gravadas; as partes transcritas e relevantes foram codificadas e agrupados, formando termos, conceitos ou categorias. Resultados: Os familiares referiram-se aos indivíduos com problemas mentais de outras famílias de forma estereotipada, citando aspectos negativos, tais como violência e criminalidade. Utilizaram termos menos graves para se referir aos seus próprios familiares. Não sabendo que seu parente doente era um caso de doença mental, os parentes classificaram certos comportamentos observados c...
Child depression: anthropological approach RESUMO OBJETIVO: Apreender significados socioculturais da depressão infantil, a partir da noção médico-científica da doença. MÉTODOS:Pesquisa qualitativa realizada em 2003, na região metropolitana de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Utilizou-se a observação etnográfica e entrevistas em profundidade com oito médicos psiquiatras de um serviço público de saúde e nove familiares (pais ou responsáveis) de crianças com diagnóstico e em tratamento de depressão infantil. Na análise, buscou-se identificar categorias que permitissem isolar diferentes noções de doença expressas nos discursos desses grupos. RESULTADOS:Foram identificadas diferentes noções da doença, de acordo com padrões culturais dos discursos. Para os psiquiatras, a noção de depressão infantil referiu-se a comportamentos infantis inadequados, ou "mau funcionamento", os quais devem ser ajustados pela intervenção médica. Para os familiares, significou "insatisfação" e "incômodo" diante da vida e "intolerância" de adultos frente a certos comportamentos infantis. Observou-se que os discursos dos médicos psiquiatras e dos familiares entrevistados mostraram diversidade quanto aos seus conteúdos, conceitos e categorias, segundo lógicas próprias de compreensão e de explicação da depressão infantil. CONCLUSÕES:Diante dos resultados obtidos, o fenômeno da depressão infantil passa a ser analisado não como evento determinado pelo conhecimento médico-científico, mas como um processo dinâmico de "reinvenção criadora" de categorias e conceitos fundamentais desse discurso. Concluiu-se, portanto, que a depressão infantil apresentou-se como doença diferenciada, na forma de uma categoria ampla, capaz de integrar diferentes conotações e contextos sob um mesmo termo. DESCRITORES: Antropologia cultural. Depressão. Pesquisa qualitativa. Saúde mental. Bem-estar da criança. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE:To understand the sociocultural meanings of childhood depression, from the medical-scientific concept of the disease. METHODS:This was a qualitative study carried out in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2003. It consisted of ethnographic observation and in-depth interviews with eight psychiatrists from a public health service and nine relatives (parents or guardians) of children who had been diagnosed with and were being treated for childhood depression. The analysis sought to identify categories that would make it possible to isolate different notions of the disease, as expressed in the discourse of these groups.RESULTS: Different notions of the disease were identified, in accordance with the
Worldwide data indicate that antibiotics are frequently used indiscriminately. The present study used a questionnaire in an attempt to quantify and qualify outpatient antibiotic consumption habits, including when the drug was used, who recommended it, and to what extent treatment was completed, and to question householders on the presence of antibiotics in their homes, including leftovers from previous treatments. The questionnaire was distributed to residents of 6000 households that made up a representative sample of the Brazilian population and was completed by designated respondents from 4932 residences (82.2%) with or without field interviewer supervision. Each household reported an average of 3.7 treatments in the previous year, with amoxicillin the most frequently used antibiotic in this survey (18%), regardless of socioeconomic class. Most treatments were recommended through medical prescription, and this source of antibiotic was associated with the highest rate of completed therapy (80.4%). Azithromycin and ciprofloxacin produced the highest rates of completed treatment and the lowest rates of antibiotic leftovers. Storing antibiotics at home increases the cost of each treatment event, reduces efficacy, and may encourage the emergence of resistant organisms in the community. Educational efforts must be redoubled to promote the rational and effective use of drugs, especially antibiotics.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.