The diagnosis and treatment of Chlamydia cervicitis during pregnancy can reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with this infection. However, clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.

In the present study, 37.6% of the women subjected to curettage following abortion had IUA, which was mostly mucous and grade I. None of the demographic and clinic characteristics evaluated were found to be associated with IUA. From this study, there is no firm evidence to justify carrying out routine diagnostic hysteroscopy following abortion evacuation.

Several factors are associated with UI in middle-aged Brazilian women. The results highlight the importance of carrying out interventions aimed at reducing modifiable factors.

Aiming to investigate trends in seminal parameter values among Brazilian men between 1995 and 2018, we performed a retrospective analysis of spermograms of couples admitted for infertility testing at UNICAMP/Brazil. For the present study, only the first sample produced by each man was analyzed (9,267 samples). Total motile sperm count (TMSC), percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology (NM), and sperm concentration after seminal processing (SCA) were considered dependent variables. Statistical analysis was carried out through linear regression for the median values both in the general population and in the population categorized by age group (<30, 30-39, and ≥40 years). During the study period, the mean age of men was 32.46 (± 6.48) years, with a median of 32 (18-67) years. We found a significant decrease in the median values of TMSC (reduction of 2.84 million/year), NM (reduction of 0.52% each year) and SCA (reduction of 0.24 million/mL each year). In conclusion, we observed that Brazilian men undergoing infertility investigation had a decline in seminal parameters in the past 23 years. Surveillance should be maintained in the coming years, and further studies are needed to elucidate possible causes for seminal deterioration and to devise strategies to reverse this trend.

The enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17-β-HSD3) catalyzes the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone in the testes, and its deficiency is a rare disorder of sex development in 46,XY individuals. It can lead to a wide range of phenotypic features, with variable hormonal profiles. We report four patients with the 46,XY karyotype and 17-β-HSD3 deficiency, showing different degrees of genital ambiguity, increased androstenedione and decreased testosterone levels, and testosterone to androstenedione ratio < 0.8. In three of the patients, diagnosis was only determined due to the presence of signs of virilization at puberty. All patients had been raised as females, and female gender identity was maintained in all of them. Compound heterozygosis for c.277+2T>G novel mutation, and c.277+4A>T mutation, both located within the intron 3 splice donor site of the HSD17B3 gene, were identified in case 3. In addition, homozygosis for the missense p.Ala203Val, p.Gly289Ser, p.Arg80Gln mutations were found upon HSD17B3 gene sequencing in cases 1, 2, and 4, respectively.