The present study examined the associations of sleep patterns with multiple measures of academic achievement of undergraduate university students and tested whether sleep variables emerged as significant predictors of subsequent academic performance when other potential predictors, such as class attendance, time devoted to study, and substance use are considered. A sample of 1654 (55% female) full-time undergraduates 17 to 25 yrs of age responded to a self-response questionnaire on sleep, academics, lifestyle, and well-being that was administered at the middle of the semester. In addition to self-reported measures of academic performance, a final grade for each student was collected at the end of the semester. Univariate analyses found that sleep phase, morningness/eveningness preference, sleep deprivation, sleep quality, and sleep irregularity were significantly associated with at least two academic performance measures. Among 15 potential predictors, stepwise multiple regression analysis identified 5 significant predictors of end-of-semester marks: previous academic achievement, class attendance, sufficient sleep, night outings, and sleep quality (R(2)=0.14 and adjusted R(2)=0.14, F(5, 1234)= 40.99, p < .0001). Associations between academic achievement and the remaining sleep variables as well as the academic, well-being, and lifestyle variables lost significance in stepwise regression. Together with class attendance, night outings, and previous academic achievement, self-reported sleep quality and self-reported frequency of sufficient sleep were among the main predictors of academic performance, adding an independent and significant contribution, regardless of academic variables and lifestyles of the students.
No presente trabalho apresentam-se alguns resultados e as conclusões mais relevantes de um estudo realizado, na Universidade dos Açores, no âmbito de um projecto de investigação sobre o desenvolvimento do estudante do ensino superior. Neste artigo, em particular, analisam-se as atitudes e estratégias de aprendizagem mais utilizadas pelos alunos da Universidade dos Açores com base numa amostra constituída por 370 alunos que frequentavam, em 2001-2002, quatro cursos de licenciatura existentes em dois dos trê spólos desta Universidade: Ponta Delgada e Angra do Heroísmo. A avaliação das atitudes e estratégias foi efectuada através do QACE – Questionário de Atitudese Comportamentos de Estudo (Bessa & Tavares,1998). As análises estatísticas procuraram, por um lado, avaliar a qualidade da métrica deste questionário e, por outro, descrever, os alunos nos seus comportamentosde estudo e de aprendizagem. Os resultados são consistentes com os de outros estudos similares, realizados a nível nacional e internacional, junto da população estudantil universitária.
Based on successive samples totaling more than 5000 higher education students, we scrutinized the reliability, structure, initial validity, and normative scores of a brief selfreport 7-item scale to screen for the continuum of nighttime insomnia complaints / perceived sleep quality, used by our team for more than a decade, henceforth labeled the Basic Scale on Insomnia complaints and Quality of Sleep (BaSIQS). In study/sample 1 (n = 1654), the items were developed based on part of a larger survey on higher education sleepwake patterns. The test-retest study was conducted in an independent small group (n = 33) with a 2-8 week gap. In study/sample 2 (n = 360), focused mainly on validity, the BaSIQS was completed together with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). In study 3, a large recent sample of students from universities all over the country (n = 2995) answered the BaSIQS items, based on which normative scores were determined, and an additional question on perceived sleep problems in order to further analyze the scale's validity.Regarding reliability, Cronbach alpha coefficients were systematically higher than 0.7, and the test-retest correlation coefficient was greater than 0.8. Structure analyses revealed consistently satisfactory two-factor and single-factor solutions. Concerning validity analyses, BaSIQS scores were significantly correlated to PSQI component scores and overall score (r = 652 corresponding to a large association); mean scores were significantly higher in those students classifying themselves as having sleep problems (p < .0001, d = 0.99 corresponding to a large effect size). In conclusion, the BaSIQS is very easy to administer, and appears to be a reliable and valid scale in higher education students. It might be a convenient short tool in research and applied settings to rapidly assess sleep quality or screen for insomnia complaints, and it may be easily used in other populations with minor adaptations.
Tendo em conta os novos desafios que se adivinham para o Ensino Superior e os novos modelo de organização do processo de ensinar e aprender, tem-se vindo a proceder a todo um processo de clarificação das competências que se afiguram como essenciais para um desempenho competente e de qualidade na sociedade da informação. Cada vez mais se aponta para a necessidade de a aprendizagem se processar ao longo da vida e ser gerida por um sujeito caracteristicamente ativo, autônomo e que constrói as suas próprias aprendizagens (Cabral, 2003 ResumoA investigação que nos propomos apresentar desenvolveu-se em torno do papel das competências de leitura, compreensão e escrita para o Sucesso Académico no Ensino Superior. Foi feita aplicação coletiva do Questionário sobre Leitura, Compreensão e Escrita no Ensino Superior a fim de apontar as estratégias mais utilizadas pelos estudantes procurando determinar níveis de competência, analisar o seu grau de dificuldades e de disponibilidade para receber formação especializada, detectar o grau de importância por estes atribuído a estas competências para o sucesso académico, determinar o índice de correlação entre estas competências e sucesso académico e comparar as suas expectativas com o nível de desenvolvimento atingido após a sua entrada no Ensino Superior. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que estas competências desempenham um papel importante nas tarefas de aprendizagem dos estudantes e tendem a estar associadas ao seu sucesso académico embora as expectativas dos estudantes relativamente ao desenvolvimento destas competências no Ensino Superior não sejam atingidas.Palavras-Chave: Ensino Superior; Leitura e Escrita; Sucesso académico; READING/COMPREHENSION WRITING AND ACADEMIC SUCCESS: A DIAGNOSIS STUDY IN FOUR PORTUGUESE UNIVERSITIES AbstractThe present study is integrated in the research field of the specific reading, comprehension and writing in Higher Education. By using the "Reading, Comprehension and Writing in Higher Education Questionnaire" the study aimed: to point out the strategies more frequently used to determine competence levels; to analyze the difficulty level and students' availability to receive specialized instruction; to point out the degree of importance attributed to these skills for their academic success, to determine the correlation level between these two skills and the success level of the students and to compare the students expectations of development reached in these fields after entering Higher Education. Results showed that these skills play an important role in the learning tasks of the students and tend to be associated with their academic success although the expectations of the students concerning the development of these skills in Higher Education are not satisfied.
Este artigo procura descrever parte dos objectivos, instrumentos e metodologia usada num projecto de investigação iniciado em 1999, no âmbito de uma dissertação de mestrado. Fomos diagnosticas e caracterizar as influências existentes entre alguns níveis de ajustamento académico, abordagens e uso de estratégias auto-reguladoras do estudo e aprendizagens, em 420 estudantes do 1º ano (comum) de ciências e engenharias da Universidade de Aveiro. Para o efeito, foram construído e/ou adaptados três instrumentos de medida que permitiram obter resultados que apontaram no sentido de uma estreita relação entre diferentes dimensões pessoais, intergrupais e institucionais implicadas nos processos de ajustamento e auto-regulação académica, além da evidência de algumas diferenças significativas os sujeitos, ao nível das várias dimensões em estudo.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v14i2.509
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