Background: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) is one of the main causes of reentry to the emergency department. Oxidative stress (OxS) regulated by ammonia leads to cerebral edema and astrocytes senescence in animal models, but seems to be different in humans. Objective: To analyze if OxS and ammonia in plasma are related to each other in the different grades of HE-CLD and to compare them with healthy volunteers (HV). Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we included 60 subjects in 2 groups: (a) 30 HV and (b) 30 HE patients. Plasma levels of oxidation lipids/proteins, ammonia, and West-Haven score were evaluated. Student t test, Spearman's correlation, and ANOVA with Dunn's post hoc test were performed. Results: Ammonia in HV and HE patients was 39-49 vs. 95-345 μmol/L, respectively (p < 0.0001). Malondialdehyde (MDA) in HV was 6.58 ± 3.11 compared to 16.69 ± 6.19 μmol/L in HE (p < 0.0001). Protein oxidation by osazone (carbonyls), formazan, and dityrosines was higher in HE than in HV (p < 0.0001). Ammonia level was directly associated to HE severity, but without correlation with lipid MDA or protein OxS formazan, carbonyls, and dityrosines. Lipid peroxidation showed higher levels at degree 2 and protein oxidation at degree 3 of HE.
Conclusions:We confirm that OxS accompanies hyperammonemia in HE; however they contribute in different proportions to their natural progression. Early reduction of OxS in HE could contribute to minimize the neurotoxicity into CLD.
A controlled, blinded, balanced-block randomized clinical trial was carried out in a sample of 60 patients. According to sample size calculation by proportion estimation, 26 patients were required per group, and
La analgesia preventiva es la administración de un fármaco analgésico con el objetivo de atenuar el dolor postoperatorio, la hiperalgesia y alodinia. Está justificado su uso con la finalidad de ofrecer analgesia y disminuir la ansiedad a los pacientes sometidos a procedimientos laparoscópicos. Objetivo: Evaluar si la pregabalina en dosis de 1 mg/kg de peso es eficaz para analgesia preventiva en pacientes postoperados de colecistectomía laparoscópica. Métodos: Se realizó un ensayo clínico controlado ciego simple que incluyó 60 pacientes programados para colecistectomía laparoscópica divididos en 2 grupos de manera aleatoria, donde al grupo 1 se administró placebo y al grupo 2 se le administró pregabalina una dosis diaria 72 horas previas a la intervención quirúrgica. La intensidad del dolor se evaluó mediante la Escala Numérica Analógica a la hora, 2, 6,12 y 24 horas postoperatorias, así como el nivel de ansiedad prequirúrgico con la Escala de Hamilton. Resultados: Se demostró disminución del dolor en los pacientes del grupo de pregabalina desde la primera hora (p = 0.002), posteriormente fue más notorio el descenso del dolor en comparación con los pacientes a los que se les dio placebo, con valor estadísticamente significativo (p < 0.001), lo mismo sucedió con el nivel de ansiedad evaluada con la Escala de Hamilton (p < 0.005). Conclusión: El uso de pregabalina para analgesia preventiva resulta ser eficaz en la ansiedad preoperatoria y el periodo posquirúrgico, y con mínimos efectos adversos, en los pacientes operados de colecistectomía laparoscópica.
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