Epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine causes a significant decrease in the oxygenation-perfusion state of colorectal anastomosis in comparison with the increase in other areas of the digestive tract. Further studies need to be done to see if other epidural anesthetic-analgesic protocols also worsen colorectal anastomotic blood flow.

Las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF), emitidas por el International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) y los US-GAAP, son hoy el referente global en convergencia hacia un estándar global. Las NIIF se utilizan fundamentalmente en los mercados de capitales, si bien carecen de una superestructura que garantice un sistema contable de elevada calidad. La Unión Europea, en su nueva propuesta de reglamento de auditoría para Entidades de Interés Público (EIP), da un gran protagonismo a los supervisores bursátiles como controladores de una adecuada aplicación de estas normas en la confección de los estados financieros. En este contexto, el objetivo que persigue el presente trabajo es contrastar la labor del supervisor bursátil español a este respecto, durante los años 2005-2010. Estudiamos, en primer lugar, el grado de incumplimiento detectado en las NIIF y, en segundo, contrastamos la posible influencia de distintos atributos de gobierno corporativo y algunas magnitudes corporativas sobre los apercibimientos que reciben las empresas cotizadas españolas, por parte de la Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores (CNMV).

Since 2005, consolidated financial statements of European listed groups have been prepared according to IFRS. Nevertheless, the recent economic crisis on top of financial scandals has highlighted the role of oversight agencies and the importance of corporate governance. The purpose of this study is to look into the impact of corporate governance and the work of the Spanish Securities Exchange Commission (CNMV) on the performance of Spanish listed groups; as well as observing the links between enforcement actions and corporate governance. In a sample of 116 Spanish listed groups during the period 2005-2011 we have applied structural equations model (SEM) for hypothesis testing. The results obtained suggest there is a significant positive relationship between the corporate governance variables and company performance and a significant negative relationship between enforcement and performance. We also identify a significant positive relationship between enforcement action and corporate governance, which validates the theoretical model proposed.

The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), have been adopted by a large number of countries, since they are considered an international benchmark for obtaining comparable quality financial information. The adoption by Ecuador and Colombia of IFRS as a transition from their previous local regulations based on provisions and decrees, justifies the present research work to provide knowledge of the regulatory reality of both countries. Behind this ambitious adoption of accounting standards, since they are costly processes both financially and in terms of training, there is a need to obtain consistent financial information that should attract investments and facilitate access to other less harmful financial markets. The purpose of this research is to perform an analysis of the effect on the accounting variables of the balance sheet and financial ratios, before and after the application of IFRS on large Ecuadorian and Colombian companies. To do this, Wilcoxon’s nonparametric test of related samples is used, on a total of 204 Ecuadorian companies and 60 Colombian companies. To compare the results of both countries, a non-parametric U Mann-Whitney test is carried out. The results show an impact in both countries on the variables studied after the mandatory adoption of IFRS, although the relative impact is greater in the Colombian case.