Background
Providing palliative care at the end of life (EOL) in intensive care units (ICUs) seems to be modified during the COVID-19 pandemic with potential burden of moral distress to health care providers (HCPs). We seek to assess the practice of EOL care during the COVID-19 pandemic in ICUs in the Czech Republic focusing on the level of moral distress and its possible modifiable factors.
Methods
Between 16 June 2021 and 16 September 2021, a national, cross-sectional study in intensive care units (ICUs) in Czech Republic was performed. All physicians and nurses working in ICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic were included in the study. For questionnaire development ACADEMY and CHERRIES guide and checklist were used. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyse possible modifiable factors of moral distress.
Results
In total, 313 HCPs (14.5% out of all HCPs who opened the questionnaire) fully completed the survey. Results showed that 51.8% (n = 162) of respondents were exposed to moral distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. 63.1% (n = 113) of nurses and 71.6% of (n = 96) physicians had experience with the perception of inappropriate care. If inappropriate care was perceived, a higher chance for the occurrence of moral distress for HCPs (OR, 1.854; CI, 1.057–3.252; p = 0.0312) was found. When patients died with dignity, the chance for moral distress was lower (OR, 0.235; CI, 0.128–0.430; p < 0.001). The three most often reported differences in palliative care practice during pandemic were health system congestion, personnel factors, and characteristics of COVID-19 infection.
Conclusions
HCPs working at ICUs experienced significant moral distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic. The major sources were perceiving inappropriate care and dying of patients without dignity. Improvement of the decision-making process and communication at the end of life could lead to a better ethical and safety climate.
Trial registration: NCT04910243.
Graphical abstract
Ačkoli nové léky a léčebné postupy významně zvýšily naději na vyléčení nebo prodloužení života, zhoubný nádor zůstává i nadále život ohrožujícím onemocněním. Diagnóza onkologického onemocnění obvykle vede u pacienta a jeho blízkých k výraznému strachu, úzkosti a nejistotě. Snaha pacientů získávat relevantní informace o jejich onemocnění tak vzrůstá. Přestože dnes nemocní hledají informace z mnoha zdrojů, zůstává i nadále nejdůležitějším zdrojem informační a psychické podpory ošetřující lékař [1]. Dobrá komunikace je proto zásadně důležitou součástí dobré klinické péče.S onkologickými pacienty se v jednotlivých fázích jejich onemocnění setkávají lékaři různých oborů. Je proto důležité, aby i tito lékaři, neonkologové, znali základní pravidla podpůrné efektivní komunikace. Dobrá komunikace s pacientem již od počátku vede k: lepší informovanosti pacientů vyšší motivaci a lepší adherenci k léčbě zvýšení spokojenosti pacienta a jeho rodiny snížení stresu ošetřujících lékařů [2] Mezi pacienty existují velké rozdíly v tom, jaký komunikační styl a jaký rozsah informací jim vyhovuje. Infor-
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