Objective: To present and discuss the dietary guidelines issued by the Brazilian government in 2014. Design: The present paper describes the aims of the guidelines, their shaping principles and the approach used in the development of recommendations. The main recommendations are outlined, their significance for the cultural, socioeconomic and environmental aspects of sustainability is discussed, and their application to other countries is considered. Setting: Brazil in the twenty-first century.

Christopher Millett and colleagues argue that artificially sweetened beverages should not be promoted as part of a healthy diet.

No abstract

Os vestígios ou rastros de degradação ambiental mensuráveis que marcam a passagem descuidada do ser humano pela Terra são chamados de pegadas. Este livro traz a tabela com as pegadas de carbono, hídrica e ecológica dos alimentos e preparações culinárias consumidos no Brasil, ferramenta desenvolvida para viabilizar os estudos da tese “A alimentação e seus impactos ambientais: abordagens dos guias alimentares nacionais e estudo da dieta dos brasileiros”. O livro se diferencia da tese pela inclusão de um indicador a mais (pegada ecológica), pelo formato em que as tabelas são apresentadas e a descrição de conceitos básicos e dos processos metodológicos, incentivando os pesquisadores que ingressarão no campo das avaliações dos impactos ambientais da alimentação com base na Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares do IBGE. Procurou-se explicar, de modo simples e objetivo, os temas de nutrição para quem é atuante na área ambiental e os temas ambientais para os pesquisadores da nutrição, facilitando a comunicação e os arranjos em trabalhos interdisciplinares.

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between ultra-processed food consumption and carbon and water footprints of the Brazilian diet. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis on data collected in 2008-9 on a probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population aged ≥ 10 years (n = 32,886). Individual food intake was assessed using two food records. The environmental impact of individual diets was calculated by multiplying the amount of each food by coefficients that quantify the atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases in grams of carbon dioxide equivalent (carbon footprint) and freshwater use in liters (water footprint), both per gram or milliliter of food. The two coefficients consider the food life cycle ‘from farm to fork.’ Crude and adjusted linear regression models and tests for linear trends assessed the association between the ultra-processed food contribution to total energy intake (quintiles) and the diet carbon and water footprints. Potential confounders included age, sex, education, income, and region. Total energy intake was assessed as a potential mediation variable. RESULTS: In the crude models, the dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods was linearly associated with the carbon and water footprints of the Brazilian diet. After adjustment for potential confounders, the association remained significant only regarding the diet water footprint, which increased by 10.1% between the lowest and highest quintile of the contribution of ultra-processed foods. Additional adjustment for total energy intake eliminated this association indicating that the dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods increases the diet water footprint by increasing energy intake. CONCLUSIONS: The negative impact of ultra-processed foods on the diet water footprint, shown for the first time in this study, adds to the negative impacts of these foods, already demonstrated regarding dietary nutrient profiles and the risk for several chronic non-communicable diseases. This reinforces the recommendation to avoid ultra-processed foods made in the official Brazilian Dietary Guidelines and increasingly in dietary guidelines of other countries.