Resumen: Se presenta la valoración que 5 profesores y 218 estudiantes de 3º ESO hacen de las analogías incluidas en una propuesta de enseñanza para el estudio de los estados de agregación. Con las analogías como recurso didáctico se pretendía que los alumnos comprendieran el modelo cinético molecular de la materia necesario para justificar las propiedades de sólidos, líquidos y gases, y su comportamiento durante los cambios de estado. Se utilizaron diferentes analogías (batallón militar, pista de baile, partido de fútbol y clase de educación física), con una estrategia didáctica que evoluciona desde la presentación de la analogía por el profesor a la construcción de la analogía por los estudiantes. Para valorar las analogías se ha diferenciado el grado en que se comprenden y se consideran adecuadas, viables e interesantes para la enseñanza de las ciencias. Tanto profesores como alumnos han valorado positivamente las analogías empleadas; los primeros comparten su intencionalidad y dificultad didáctica, y los segundos consideran que las analogías son una herramienta útil que les ayuda no solo a comprender el modelo cinético molecular sino a explicar las propiedades y cambios de los estados de agregación de la materia, es decir, el fenómeno en sí mismo. Palabras clave: analogías; percepciones; propuesta de enseñanza; estados de agregación de la materia; educación secundaria obligatoria. Perception of teachers and students at 3th year of Secondary School about they use analogies to understand the states of the matter Abtsract: In this study we show the perception of 5 teachers and 218 students at 3th year of Secondary School about the analogies included in an educational unit to understand the states of matter. We expected our students understood the molecular kinetic model of matter with analogies, since it is necessary to explain the properties of the solid, liquid and gaseous state of matter and to prove their performance during the change of state. Different types of analogies were used: a battalion, a dance floor, a football match and a PE class, with an evolving didactic strategy starting with the presentations of analogies by the teacher and ending by the fulfilment of analogies by the students. To evaluate these analogies it has been distinguished the degree by which they are understood, suitable, viable and interesting for the study of Science. The analogies used have been considered positive by both, teachers and students. Teachers share their wilfulness and didactic difficulty and students think analogies are useful tools which help them to understand the molecular kinetic model to explain the properties and the changes of the states of matter, that is to say, to understand the phenomenon itself.
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