ResumenEl presente trabajo constituye una reevaluación de la secuencia cronológico-cultural del período Arcaico en Taltal, en un intento por documentar las continuidades y transformaciones en la organización económica de las poblaciones locales que habitaron este territorio, a partir de nuevos datos generados durante los últimos años en conjunto con otros estudios realizados en la zona anteriormente. Esta investigación ha estado principalmente orientada al registro y comprensión de tres variables principales dentro de los sistemas económicos de las comunidades de cazadores, recolectores y pescadores del área de estudio: los sistemas de movilidad, las prácticas de subsistencia y la tecnología.Palabras claves: secuencia cronológica -organización económica -norte de Chile -costa arreica -Taltal.
AbstractThis study is a reassessment of the chronological and cultural sequence of the Archaic Period in Taltal, in an attempt to document the continuities and transformations in the economic organization of local populations who inhabited this area. We base our understanding of this process on new data generated by our project in recent years, as well as previously published studies in the area. This research has been mainly directed towards the understanding of three variables in the economic organization of Taltal's hunter-gatherer-fisher communities: mobility systems, subsistence practices and technology.
From material culture evidence dating as early as 7500 cal BC, it has been established that populations from the interfluvic coast in northern Chile adapted to a maritime economic livelihood. During the 2nd millennium BC, local populations began to experience major social changes arising mainly from an increase in contacts with agropastoral populations from the highlands of the Andes. New radiocarbon data and stable isotope (δ15Ncol, δ13Ccol, and δ13Cap) analyses of human bone remains from interfluvic coastal individuals were obtained. The data showed that these individuals, at the time of contact with highland populations, maintained a mode of subsistence relying principally on marine protein. This suggests that, although instances of social change may have arisen, the livelihoods linked to the consumption of marine resources would have remained constant, demonstrating a high degree of resistance in changing local lifestyles.
Se presentan los resultados obtenidos de análisis bioarqueológicos realizados en 36 individuos provenientes de 25 sitios prehispá-nicos de la costa de Taltal, los cuales muestran la continuidad en la zona del modo de vida cazador-recolector-pescador, asociado a la explotación y consumo de recursos marinos. Se especifican una serie de actividades que estos individuos habrían llevado a cabo, a partir de la presencia de enfermedades articulares degenerativas y algunos marcadores de estrés ocupacional, además de presentarse evidencia de condiciones paleopatológicas metabólicas e infecciosas. Al mismo tiempo, se establecen comparaciones con poblaciones prehistóricas con modos de vidas similares que habitaron ambientes costeros del extremo norte y norte semiárido de Chile, para finalmente reflexionar en torno a las particularidades del área de estudio.Palabras claves: bioarqueología, costa de Taltal, cazadores-recolectores-pescadores, modos de vida.
This study presents the results of the bioarchaeological analyses of 36 individuals from the coastal area of Taltal. These results indicate that these individuals had a hunter-gatherer-fisher lifestyle, related to the exploitation and consumption of marine resources. A series of activities performed by these individuals is proposed
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