The objective of this research was to evaluate techniques, incubation period, and effects of amino acids in ovo feeding. First, 240 hatching eggs were selected and distributed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two techniques and 3 d). The parameters of incubation, relative weight of gastrointestinal organs, and classification of embryonic mortality were evaluated. In the second stage, 720 hatching eggs were incubated with five treatments: control, methionine (20 and 30 mg), and lysine (20 and 30 mg). These animals were housed during 14 d. The animals were divided with five treatments, nine replicates, and groupings based on sex. Incubation parameters, performance, intestinal morphometry, and relative weight of digestive tract organs were evaluated. The results indicate that the technique using a 45° needle axis passing through the air chamber hinders hatchability. In the organ weighing, there was no difference between the evaluated factors. For intestinal morphometry, there was only a significant difference between the dose factor for the crypt villi and crypt diameter. To conclude, the technique using a 90° angle without passing through the air chamber is safer for the embryos. The inoculation of methionine (20 and 30 mg) obtained data similar to the control group.

RESUMO:O número de leitões desmamados/fêmea/ano é um dos principais índices de avaliação da produtividade dentro de uma granja de suínos. Dessa forma, como a gestação é considerada a fase mais crítica da suinocultura, exige cuidados e assistência constantes, para garantir o sucesso em todo ciclo produtivo. Em contrapartida, existem muitos fatores que podem causar a perda de embriões e fetos. Diante disso, essa revisão tem como objetivo expor os principais aspectos relacionados à mortalidade embrionária e fetal em suínos. A mortalidade embrionária ocorre até os 35 dias de gestação, resulta em absorção dos embriões e pode ter causas múltiplas. A mortalidade fetal é aquela que ocorre após os 35 dias de gestação, quando já se iniciou a ossificação dos conceptos. Quando ocorre dos 35 até os 90 dias, os fetos são considerados mumificados e aqueles que morrem após os 90 dias são denominados natimortos. As causas de mumificação e natimortalidade podem estar relacionadas com a matriz, com o ambiente e com a presença de agentes infecciosos causadores de doenças reprodutivas. Dessa forma alguns fatores que têm influência são: maior ordem de parto, leitegadas grandes e com baixo peso e partos prolongados. Com relação aos agentes infecciosos, os principais são o Parvovirus e a Leptospira. Manejo correto dos animais, medidas sanitárias e de biosseguridade são medidas adotadas para controlar os índices de mumificação e natimortalidade.

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Domestication of animals, changes in habit and feed management has an important role in metabolic response of these animals. Obesity is a multifactorial nutrition disorder, which increases the risk of metabolic complications. The C-reactive protein has been considering important to diagnosing obesity in human, since its prevalence increases. This study aimed to verify the hematological and biochemical parameters and evaluate the behavior of C-reactive protein in obese dogs. Twelve obese dogs were compared and classified with body condition score (BCS) 9.0 and twelve from control group classified with ECC 5, scale ranging from 1 to 9, both groups were apparently healthy, of both sex and of varied breeds. No changes were observed in hematological and biochemical parameters and levels of C-reactive protein. In exception of serum total cholesterol and triglycerides, which behaved differently between both groups according to statistical analysis. Levels of triglycerides from obese group showed high in serum. Using epidemiological data, there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.01) between the ECC and castrates animals, these factors suggest a predisposition to obesity. It can be concluded that C-reactive protein in dogs have different behavior from that found in humans.