Background Cardiac MR fingerprinting (cMRF) is a novel technique for simultaneous T1 and T2 mapping. Purpose To compare T1/T2 measurements, repeatability, and map quality between cMRF and standard mapping techniques in healthy subjects. Study Type Prospective. Population In all, 58 subjects (ages 18–60). Field Strength/Sequence cMRF, modified Look–Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI), and T2‐prepared balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) at 1.5T. Assessment T1/T2 values were measured in 16 myocardial segments at apical, medial, and basal slice positions. Test–retest and intrareader repeatability were assessed for the medial slice. cMRF and conventional mapping sequences were compared using ordinal and two alternative forced choice (2AFC) ratings. Statistical Tests Paired t‐tests, Bland–Altman analyses, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), linear regression, one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and binomial tests. Results Average T1 measurements were: basal 1007.4±96.5 msec (cMRF), 990.0±45.3 msec (MOLLI); medial 995.0±101.7 msec (cMRF), 995.6±59.7 msec (MOLLI); apical 1006.6±111.2 msec (cMRF); and 981.6±87.6 msec (MOLLI). Average T2 measurements were: basal 40.9±7.0 msec (cMRF), 46.1±3.5 msec (bSSFP); medial 41.0±6.4 msec (cMRF), 47.4±4.1 msec (bSSFP); apical 43.5±6.7 msec (cMRF), 48.0±4.0 msec (bSSFP). A statistically significant bias (cMRF T1 larger than MOLLI T1) was observed in basal (17.4 msec) and apical (25.0 msec) slices. For T2, a statistically significant bias (cMRF lower than bSSFP) was observed for basal (–5.2 msec), medial (–6.3 msec), and apical (–4.5 msec) slices. Precision was lower for cMRF—the average of the standard deviation measured within each slice was 102 msec for cMRF vs. 61 msec for MOLLI T1, and 6.4 msec for cMRF vs. 4.0 msec for bSSFP T2. cMRF and conventional techniques had similar test–retest repeatability as quantified by ICC (0.87 cMRF vs. 0.84 MOLLI for T1; 0.85 cMRF vs. 0.85 bSSFP for T2). In the ordinal image quality comparison, cMRF maps scored higher than conventional sequences for both T1 (all five features) and T2 (four features). Data Conclusion This work reports on myocardial T1/T2 measurements in healthy subjects using cMRF and standard mapping sequences. cMRF had slightly lower precision, similar test–retest and intrareader repeatability, and higher scores for map quality. Evidence Level 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1044–1052.

PurposeThis study aims to explore the relationships between abnormal hysterosalpingography (HSG) findings and all types of infertility.Material and methodsThis retrospective study was carried out at a private radiodiagnostic centre in Lagos, Nigeria. The radiologist reports of all consecutive patients who had HSG evaluation from 2016 to 2018 were analysed. Biodemographic information and indications for HSG evaluation were also documented. Logistic regression was used to test correlations between the explanatory and outcome variables. P ≤ 0.05 represented a statistically significant result.ResultsA total of 450 patients were involved in this study, with ages ranging from 21 to 51 years and a mean age of 34.6 ± 5.56 years. The age group 31-35 years had the highest frequency of infertility. There were 299 patients referred for infertility. Secondary infertility was seen in 211 patients (46.9%), primary infertility was seen in 79 patients (17.6%), and subfertility was seen in nine patients (2%). There were 49 patients (10.9%) with cornual tubal blockage, while 57 patients (12.7%) had perifimbrial adhesion and/or blockage. There were 56 patients (12.4%) with hydrosalpinx and nine patients (2.0%) with tubal occlusion. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed women with hydrosalpinx were 2.11 times more likely to be infertile than those without hydrosalpinx (95% CI: 1.02-4.36, p = 0.042).ConclusionsThe presence of hydrosalpinx was a significant risk factor in developing all types of infertility. Understanding the HSG patterns and their correlations with infertility will help physicians across the world when evaluating infertility in patients of similar background to our patient population.

To evaluate the radiographic characteristics and prevalence of fabella and patella variants in an indigenous African population. This retrospective observational study of orthogonal knee radiographs of 377 consecutive subjects was conducted in Lagos, Nigeria, from February 2017 to November 2017. The presence of bipartite/multipartite patella, as well as the presence of fabella were noted. The craniocaudal diameter, anteroposterior diameter, fabello-femoral distance and fabello-tibial distance of the fabella were measured. P≤0.05 represented a statistically significant result. Three hundred and seventy-seven subjects were enrolled. The average age was 41.22±21.37 years with a range of 3-100 years old. There were 158 male (41.9%) and 219 female (58.1%) subjects. The prevalence of fabella was 11.94%. There was a positive correlation between age <47 and ≥47 and occurrence of fabella, P<0.015. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean male and female measured fabella diameters. The overall prevalence of bipartite and multipartite patella in this study was 2.12%. Among male and female subjects, the difference in prevalence of bi and multipartite patella was statistically significantly, P=0.03. The prevalence of fabella and patella variants was lower in this study compared to the findings in other populations and ethnicities. Sex and age were significantly correlated with fabella prevalence. The results reported in this study will facilitate future studies examining the correlations between fabella and patella variants and various knee pathologies in a population of Black African descent.

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