Case summaryA 9-month-old male domestic longhair cat presented following iatrogenic ureteral trauma after an attempted laparoscopic ovariectomy. Prior to identifying that the cat was male, both ureters were transected approximately 4 mm from the renal pelves. Initial management involved a left-sided Boari flap neoureterocystostomy, cystonephropexy and right ureteronephrectomy. Thirty-six hours later, the cat developed uroabdomen due to leakage from the neoureterocystostomy site. At a tertiary referral institution, the ureter was reconstructed via end-to-end anastomosis and a left-sided subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) device was placed in the event the anastomosis failed. Five weeks after SUB placement, the cat was dysuric and stranguric. A urine culture was negative and clinical signs were attributed to sterile cystitis secondary to device placement. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was 22 mg/dl and creatinine was 1.2 mg/dl. Contrast pyelography confirmed device patency, but no contrast was identified through the ureteral anastomosis. At 12 months, BUN and creatinine were 1.5 mg/dl and 25 mg/dl, respectively, and a subclinical urinary tract infection was identified (Enterococcus faecalis). Antibiotic therapy was not prescribed in order to prevent multidrug resistance. At 42 months, BUN was 38 mg/dl and creatinine was 2.0 mg/dl. The cat had occasional and intermittent signs of pollakiuria and stranguria but was otherwise doing well.Relevance and novel informationTo our knowledge, this is the first case report to describe the use of a SUB device for management of traumatic proximal ureteral injury in a cat with one kidney. The case outcome provides valuable information about the direct effect of the SUB device and the presence of chronic Enterococcus species infection on long-term renal function.

Objective To compare leakage pressures of colonic anastomoses performed with circular staplers to conventional hand‐sewn techniques in dogs. Study design Ex‐vivo study. Animals Colon from 11 canine cadavers. Methods Thirty‐two colonic anastomoses were performed. Four segments from each colon were randomly assigned to one of four techniques: hand‐sewn colonic anastomoses performed with 4‐0 glycomer 631 (G) and 4‐0 barbed glycomer 631 (BG), and circular stapled colonic anastomoses using 4.8 mm End‐to‐End Anastomosis (EEA C4.8mm) and 3.5 mm End‐to‐End Anastomosis (EEA C3.5mm), 21 mm diameter circular staples in cadaveric canine colon. Leakage pressure was defined as the pressure at which dye‐containing solution was first observed to leak from the anastomosis site. Results Leakage pressures were 49.5 mmHg (range:16‐72) in group G, 45.5 mmHg (range:19‐80) in group BG, 5.3 mmHg (range:0‐31) in group C3.5mm, and 29.5 mmHg (range:23‐50.3) in group C4.8mm. Anastomoses leaked at lower pressures when stapled rather than hand‐sewn (C4.8mm‐G p = .0313, C4.8mm‐BG p = .0131, C3.5mm‐G p = .0469, C3.5mm‐BG p = .0313). Two of the C3.5mm constructs leaked immediately after saline infusion with 4/6 leaking at <5.3 mmHg. Conclusion End‐to‐end colonic anastomoses closed with circular stapler leaked at lower pressures than hand‐sutured anastomoses. Use of the EEA stapler with a staple height of 3.5 mm did not result in safe colonic anastomoses. Clinical significance These results provide evidence to support hand‐suturing colonic anatomoses with G and BG in dogs. The 4.8 mm staples may be considered in anatomical locations difficult to reach.

Objective: To assess the accuracy and efficiency of performing ventral FHO (vFHO) after measuring the ideal femoral head and neck ostectomy angle (iFHOA), with and without guidance of a K-wire. To compare the iFHOA to the previously accepted 45 angle to guide vFHOs.Study Design: Randomized, controlled, ex vivo study. Animals: Ten mixed-breed canine cadavers.Methods: A routine un-guided and guided vFHO was performed on each cadaver. A single unmodified ostectomy was performed on all hips. The preand postoperative iFHOA and postoperative residual femoral neck were radiographically assessed. Subjective intraoperative palpation and postoperative radiographic ostectomy completeness (OC) scores were assigned.Results: Subjective OC scores (p > .63) did not differ between techniques, and guided vFHOs were as good or better for 7/10 dogs assessed via intraoperative palpation, and 9/10 dogs assessed radiographically. Residual femoral neck measurements were similar in both groups (p > .75). The average iFHOA in this study was 38.5 , with no significant difference between limbs of the same cadaver (p = .34). Guided vFHO took longer (294.5 s, p = .002) than unguided vFHO (166.7 s). Conclusion:The mean iFHOA of 38.5 was less than the previously published 45 angulation for vFHOs. Subjectively, use of a K-wire guide improved soft tissue retraction, neck visualization, and confidence in cut angulation.Clinical Significance: Preoperative iFHOA measurement may minimize the risk of inappropriate vFHO angles.