Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic progressively scarring disease of the oral cavity. Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant obtained from tomatoes and has the highest singlet oxygen quenching capacity and a high capacity of quenching other free radicals in vitro among dietary carotenoids. Hyaluronidase is a substance prepared from the testes and semen of mammals that modifies the permeability of connective tissue through the hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of lycopene and lycopene−hyaluronidase combination, and to compare the efficacy of lycopene and lycopene−hyaluronidase combination in the treatment of OSMF. Study Design: The study consisted of 45 patients with OSMF divided into three equal groups. Patients in Group A were given Lycored 16 mg daily in two equally divided doses for 3 months. Patients in Group B were given LycoRed along with hyaluronidase intralesional injection of 1500 IU twice weekly for 3 months. Patients in Group C were given placebo capsules. Patients were evaluated after 3 months. The following parameters were recorded: mouth opening, visual inspection, palpatory findings, and burning sensation. Results: There was statistically significant change in mouth opening and burning sensation for lycopene and lycopene–hyaluronidase combination than in the placebo group in the treatment of OSMF, but the lycopene–hyaluronidase combination did not show any statistically significant change when compared with lycopene alone. Conclusion: Lycopene appears to be a very promising antioxidant in the management of oral submucous fibrosis, both in clinical and symptomatic improvement.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the serum cortisol level in oral lichen planus (OLP) patients with normal healthy individuals and to compare the serum cortisol level in patients with erosive and nonerosive forms of OLP. Materials and Methods: A case–control study involving 60 patients within the age group of 20–50 years was carried out. Group A included 15 subjects with nonerosive lichen planus, without skin involvement; Group B included 15 subjects with erosive lichen planus, without skin; and Group C included 30 subjects with no apparent lesions of the oral mucosa and the skin. From the cases and controls, 7mL venous blood was taken from median cubital vein two times (between 8 and 10 AM, and 4 and 6 PM ) by using a 10 mL syringe from which 5 mL was taken for estimation of serum cortisol. Results: The serum cortisol levels of the erosive OLP patients were significantly higher than those of nonerosive OLP patients and controls. There was no significant difference in the serum cortisol levels between nonerosive OLP in comparison with controls.

Oral microbiota is among the most assorted in the human body. In excess of 700 species have been distinguished in the mouth, and new sequencing techniques are permitting us to find significantly more species. The life structures of the oral cavity is not the same as that of other body locales. The oral cavity has mucosal surfaces (the tongue, the buccal mucosa, the gingiva, and the palate), hard tissues (the teeth), and exocrine organ tissue (major and minor salivary organs), all of which present novel elements for microbiota organization. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is quite possibly the most well-known danger and is the main source of dismalness and mortality.

A BSTRACT Reconstruction of craniofacial bony defects has always been a challenging task for the surgeons over the years. The science of reconstructing such defects is of at most importance to craniofacial and plastic surgeons due to its relevance in facial aesthetics function as well as prerequisite procedure for continuing other surgical procedures. The main goal of the reconstruction of the craniofacial defects is to reduce the morbidity by restoring the facial form and aesthetics, as well as a good function of the facial structures by achieving a reasonable occlusion and articulation. Although significant improvements have occurred during the last few decades, challenges still exist as to what type of reconstruction to be carried out with regard to techniques and the type and quality of materials of choice to be used. As decades progressed, the advancement in surgical techniques and the variety of reconstruction methods have definitely improved the quality of life. This article reviews the method of bony reconstruction of craniofacial defects using autologous human bone marrow stem cells and autologous bone grafts and its modification, which includes much recent tissue engineering techniques and regenerative medicine, thereby replacing older techniques by biological substitutes, which can restore improve and maintain orofacial function and aesthetics.

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