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A modification of a scale to measure religiousness, first published by Kauffman (1979), was constructed and administered to a sample of parents of Head Start children; respondents were predominantly low-income, Black mothers of the enrolled children. The scale was administered on two test occasions, along with measures of parent and child psychological variables. Factor analysis revealed two factors corresponding to "private" and "public" use of religion. Internal consistency and 6-month stability of this 12-item scale were good. Correlations of parents' religiousness with parent mental health indices, where significant, were positive in direction but low in magnitude. Parents scoring higher on religiousness reported significantly greater social support from friends, more favorable parenting practices, higher socioeconomic status, and lower hostility. Religiousness in parents was not related to child behavior or to parent verbal ability.

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