The Niger Delta region of Nigeria is one of the largest wetland and biodiversity hotspots in Africa that inhabit several endemic species. Biodiversity including plants, animals and microbes have several economic importance to human and its ecosystem. Of recent, the intensity of bush burning in the Niger Delta has increased. Bush burning is among the leading cause of decline in composition and abundance of biodiversity. This study evaluated the potential causes of bush burning, impacts on biodiversity and possible options for mitigation in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study found that quest for bush meat (i.e. major source of animal protein), burning of solid wastes, precarious discharge of cigarette remains and deliberate uncontrolled in-situ burning by farmers as the leading cause of bush burning. Bush burning portends adverse effects like; habitat fragmentation, destruction of medicinal plant, extinction of species in the wild, loss of food sources, loss of raw material that can be useful for several art work, wood fuel, construction and shelter materials, and disruption of ecological processes including biogeochemical cycling. The paper concludes by suggesting pasture management, wastes management, sensitization, enactment and implementation of bush burning laws and specifying punishment for offenders, and introduction of biodiversity conservation techniques in school curriculum as potential option for mitigation.

Some biodiversity of global importance are found in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The biodiversity resources of the Niger Delta comprises of several species of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, avian fauna, microorganisms, fisheries (animals), and mosses, liverworts, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, chlamydosperms, monocotyledons, dicotyledons etc (plants). The region is hotspots of several endemic species. In recent times, the biodiversity distribution with regard to abundance and diversity appears to be on the decline trend. Hence, this study assessed the factors leading to decline of biodiversity resources in the Niger Delta. The study found that excessive exploitation, urbanization/industrialization, deforestation/habitat destruction, bush burning, soil erosion and pollution, climate change are the leading cause of loss of biodiversity. The loss of biodiversity affects its roles including source of medicinal plants, shelters, habitats, raw materials for several art and construction works (plants), nutrient mineralization through biogeochemical cycles, loss of animal protein and species of global importance. The paper concludes by suggesting full implementation and enforcement of several environmental conventions, laws and legislations geared towards protection of biodiversity at both international and national level of which Nigeria is part of. Furthermore, outlining biodiversity conservation strategies in curriculum of school is another potential option for conserving biodiversity.