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The study seeks to evaluate potential environmental impact on surface and groundwater as well as aquifer protective capacity to suggests possible solutions in some section of Kaduna Millennium City. A total of thirty Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were carried out using Schlumberger electrode configuration with current electrode spacing of a maximum of 200 m. The Interpreted data revealed the weak aquifer protective capacity zones which were found in some parts of northeast and central parts (VES stations A4, A5, A6, B4, C3 and C4) with its longitudinal conductance range from 0.114-0.194 Ω which represent 20% of the study area. Average/good aquifer protective capacity zones has longitudinal conductance ranging from 0.210-0.559 Ω. These zones covered twenty-four (24) VES stations which represent 80% of the study area and it is characterized with high thickness and low resistivity values of the weathered and fracture basement. Hence recommended for borehole siting. Similarly, the aquifer deep zones where the adjourning rocks are highly resistive (VES stations A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, D2, and E3) were also determined for siting waste and sewage disposals. However, the work also suggests that the urban associated development programs due to anthropogenic activities should be properly planned to avoid areas that are prone to contamination.

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An electrical resistivity survey was carried out at a dumpsite and controlled station located about 200m away from the dumpsite to assess the vertical extent of leachate contamination of the dumpsite and its impact on the soil and groundwater resources. Subsurface resistivity of the dumpsite and the controlled stations were examined, which reflects the subsurface soil tolerance and the impact of the vertical extent of leachate contamination on the subsurface. The leachate infiltration may reflect the state and the quality of the groundwater.  This implies that leachates from the dumpsite must have also migrated into the aquifer system, thereby contaminating the water-bearing unit.