Purpose: To complete the baseline trachoma map worldwide by conducting population-based surveys in an estimated 1238 suspected endemic districts of 34 countries. Methods: A series of national and sub-national projects owned, managed and staffed by ministries of health, conduct house-to-house cluster random sample surveys in evaluation units, which generally correspond to “health district” size: populations of 100,000–250,000 people. In each evaluation unit, we invite all residents aged 1 year and older from h households in each of c clusters to be examined for clinical signs of trachoma, where h is the number of households that can be seen by 1 team in 1 day, and the product h × c is calculated to facilitate recruitment of 1019 children aged 1–9 years. In addition to individual-level demographic and clinical data, household-level water, sanitation and hygiene data are entered into the purpose-built LINKS application on Android smartphones, transmitted to the Cloud, and cleaned, analyzed and ministry-of-health-approved via a secure web-based portal. The main outcome measures are the evaluation unit-level prevalence of follicular trachoma in children aged 1–9 years, prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis in adults aged 15 + years, percentage of households using safe methods for disposal of human feces, and percentage of households with proximate access to water for personal hygiene purposes. Results: In the first year of fieldwork, 347 field teams commenced work in 21 projects in 7 countries. Conclusion: With an approach that is innovative in design and scale, we aim to complete baseline mapping of trachoma throughout the world in 2015.

The Duri Steamflood (DSF) Project is the largest thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project in the world, surpassing in production both the Kern River and Belridge Fields in the San Joaquin valley of California. The field is located in Riau Province, on the island of Sumatra, in Indonesia. Duri is the second largest field in the country, producing nearly 200,000 BOPD of steamflood production. The field is operated and developed by P.T. Caltex Pacific Indonesia (CPI), a production sharing contractor to Pertamina, the Indonesian national oil company. The DSF Project will develop over 15,000 acres of reservoir utilizing over 4,000 producing wells. At present, only about one third of the field is under active steamflood. The DSF Project is divided into twelve development units called Areas. New Areas are about 1,400 acres in size, and are developed, that is, drilled and put on injection, in about 1-3/4 to two years. The steamflood development involves the use of symmetric patterns of varying size and configuration. Inverted seven spots, approximately 11-5/8 acres in size have been the principal pattern configuration for Area development, including the Area currently being drilled [1]*. For future Areas, inverted five and nine spots, approximately 15-1/2 acres in size are planned. This change has been implemented as a result of detailed reservoir simulation studies conducted in CPI [2,3]. The Duri Steamflood Project is unique in that it simultaneously involves the management of existing steamflood Areas, the development of new steamflood Areas, and the design of future Areas to maximize both oil recovery and production efficiency. The balancing of these three objectives is both a complex and vitally important project management task. The approach taken by CPI is a multi-disciplinary one involving development geology, petroleum engineering, and surface facility engineering. Improvements in well stimulation techniques, well completions, flood monitoring and flood design have been realized.

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The Duri Steamflood (DSF) Project is the largest thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project in the world, surpassing in production both Kern River and Belridge in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The field is located in Riau Province on the island of Sumatra, in Indonesia. Duri is the second largest field in the country, producing nearly 200,000 BOPD of steamflood production. The field is being operated and developed by P.T. Caltex Pacific Indonesia (CPI), a production sharing contractor to Pertamina. The DSF Project will develop about 15,000 acres of reservoir utilizing over 4000 producing wells. At present, only about 1/3 of the field is under active steamflood. The DSF Project is divided into twelve development units called Areas. New Areas are about 1400 acres in size and are developed, that is drilled and put on injection, every 1 3/4 to two years. The steamflood development involves the use of symmetric patterns of varying size and configuration. Inverted seven spots, approximately 11 5/8 acres in size, have been the *References and figures at end of paper principal pattern configuration for Area development thus far, including the Area currently being drilled [1]*. For future Areas, inverted five and nine spots, approximately 15 1/2 acres in size, are planned. This change will be implemented as a result of detailed reservoir simulation studies conducted in CPI [2]. Pattern producer completions are either cased hole gravel packs (CHGP) or, more commonly, open hole gravel packs (OHGP). Most OHGP wells have 10 3/4" casing set at the top of the drive zone, hole opened to 14", and packed with 20-40 US mesh gravel outside of 6 5/8" screen liners. Up to four distinct sand intervals and 250 ft of pay are simultaneously completed and flooded in a single pattern. The main challenges in downhole design and completion of DSF's steam injection wells have arisen from the relatively large pattern sizes and the need to distribute high rates of steam to multiple intervals of varying permeability. Several different, multi-point, downhole injection systems have been used in Duri. The design, field testing, and evaluation of these various systems are here presented and discussed.