We propose using piecewise parabolic phase modulation of the seed laser for suppressing stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a fiber amplifier. Simulations are run with a 9 m passive fiber. Compared with random phase modulation and 0-π pseudo-random phase modulation, the piecewise parabolic phase waveform yields a higher SBS threshold per unit bandwidth. If the bandwidth is defined as the range of frequencies containing 85% of the total power, the threshold for parabolic phase modulation is 1.4 times higher than the threshold for the five-or seven-bit pseudo-random modulation format. If the bandwidth is defined more tightly, e.g., the range of frequencies containing 95% of the total power, the threshold for parabolic phase modulation is three times higher. For both cases, achieving a bandwidth of 1.5 GHz requires a maximum phase shift of ~30 radians. All of the waveforms are compared on the basis of the bandwidth required of the phase moduator. The coherence functions are calculated in order to compare their suitability for coherent combining.
We have developed a terahertz spectrometer based on difference frequency generation of beams from a fiber MOPA. We present some demonstration data on water vapor absorption lines.
Avoided crossings are important in many waveguides and resonators. That
is particularly the case in modern-day solid-core and air-core optical
fibers that often have a complex geometry. The study of mode coupling
at avoided crossings often leads to a complicated analysis. In this
tutorial, we aim to explain the basic features of avoided crossings in
a simple slab waveguide structure so that the modes can be found
analytically with simple sinusoidal and exponential forms. We first
review coupled-mode theory for the guided mode in a slab waveguide,
which has a higher index in the core. We study the effective index of
the guided true mode for a five-layer slab waveguide including two
core layers with higher indices compared to the indices in the three
cladding layers. Then, we study the same structure by using the
overlap between approximate modes confined in the two individual core
slabs. When the two individual core slabs are not near each other, the
avoided crossing using the true modes within the two-slab waveguide
agrees well with the results using the overlap between the two
approximate modes. We also study coupled-mode theory and avoided
crossings for leaky modes in an antiresonant slab waveguide. We obtain
good agreement between the results using the true leaky mode and the
results using the overlap between approximate modes. We then discuss
examples of avoided crossings in solid-core and air-core optical
fibers. We describe the similarities and differences between the
optical fibers and simple slab waveguides that we have analyzed
in detail.
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