This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of daytime sleepiness among Omani Nursing Students; determine statistical linking between the personal, academic and sleep related variables of the Omani Nursing Students and their daytime sleepiness scores; and appraise the correlation between the Omani Nursing Students' daytime sleepiness scores and perceived stress scores. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was employed. The Bachelor of Science nursing students, with an active registration status from a renowned university in Oman were included in the study. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used to assess daytime sleepiness and stress index, respectively. Descriptive statistics, the independent 't' test, and ANOVA were used to summarize the data. Results: The prevalence of daytime sleepiness was 57.4% (ESS > 10). Severe excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS > 16) was estimated at 12%. The nursing students' ESS scores were significantly associated with use of stimulants, program study track, cohort, previous semester GPA, and sleep hours on the day before examination. A weak positive correlation was found between ESS scores and PSS scores. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of daytime sleepiness among Omani nursing students. There is a need for awareness programs to address daytime sleepiness. Activation of universal preventive programs on sleep hygiene, and healthy sleeping habits among nursing students is to be initiated.

Key message: Emotional intelligence is a dynamic virtuewith requires proactive, self-reflective practices and empathizes on behaviours based on experiential knowledge. It serves as a remediation for contemporary health care issues. Nurse leaders equipped with emotional intelligence are strategically placed to manage changes, resolve conflicts and maintain clinical competence standards. IntroductionLeadership is the cornerstone for an organizational and has been moulded over the centuries to its current form. In ancient times, any person with a dominant personality was considered the leader, this was the evolution of the autocratic style of leadership. The enormous physical and emotional pressure felt by the subordinates in this leadership style paved the way for the democratic style, which considered the needs and problems of the subordinates, and assigned tasks which could be efficiently and effectively performed by a person. As decades passed by some democratic leaders failed to maintain their standards, and allowed the 'laissez faire' leadership style to permeate. This style was characterized by autonomy and decision making powers to the subordinates, with the leader serving as a 'puppet' dancing to the tunes of the subordinate. BackgroundOver the past few decades, organizations realized that, implementing a single style of leadership was unfruitful and a mixed method which incorporated all the components discussed above was effective. This was called as the transformational leadership style, which yielded higher productivity and satisfaction in organizations. The major disadvantage stemming from this model of leadership was the inability of the leader to decide on which standard of leadership to adapt to in a given situation. This mismatched situation created the environment for the incorporation of emotional intelligence into leadership. Spano-Szekely 1 has empirically postulated that emotional intelligence is positively correlated with transformational leadership and negatively correlated with 'laissez faire' leadership.Varied leadership styles have been utilized in nursing. Vesterinen studied the leadership style practiced by Finnish nurse managers and has broadcasted the styles practiced as visionary, coaching, affiliate, democratic and commanding. From the perspective of Rishel, 2 leadership development in nursing should focus on development of their innate sense of purpose and enrichment of their emotional intelligence.Emotional intelligence (EI) is the capacity of individuals to recognize their own, and other people's emotions, to discriminate between different feelings and label them appropriately, and to use emotional information to guide thinking and behaviour. It is generally said to include 3 skills:1. Emotional awareness, including the ability to identify your own emotions and those of others;2. The AbstractBackground: A leader is the stronghold of any organization and leadership styles have evolved and transformed along with mankind. Leadership styles have varied from one-dimensional model to...

Abstract:The main aim of the study was to assess the practice of discharge procedure among the staff nurses and to prepare a discharge protocol to improve the nursing practice in psychiatric wards. Guidelines of practice with rationale were given through the protocol which included step wise procedure during the discharge of mentally ill patient.

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Background Depression is one of the major problems that affect the mental health of adolescents. Approximately 2-5% of adolescents meet the diagnostic criteria for major depression at a given point of time, with around 10% experiencing a depressive disorder by age 16. 1 In the Sultanate of Oman, adolescents account for 18.69% of the population. 2 Available studies show that the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders among adolescents in secondary schools was high in Oman, comparable to rates reported among cross-national adults. In Oman, the findings about major depressive disorders were equally divided between serious and moderate severity and that 57% of the bipolar categories found were serious. 3 These findings are considered to be alarming for Oman. A school based survey among Omani adolescents and youth estimated the prevalence of depressive symptoms at 17%, the lifetime prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) at 3%, and Bipolar Mood Disorder (BMD) at 1%. 4 Al-Busaidi et al. 5 reported that 27.7% of University students had depression. 5 In Oman, the risk factors for depression among adolescents included a history of mental illness, high score in negative health locus of control, low score in positive health locus of control, not taking breakfast, poor relationship with family members, friends and teachers and physical abuse during adolescence. 6 Female gender was ascertained as a strong predictor of major depressive disorder. 4 Untreated depression among adolescents leads to behavioral problems such as irritability or moodiness, fighting, defiance, skipping school, running away, and sexual experimentation, 7 and a range of mental health disorders, particularly anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorders, and bipolar disorders. 8 Suicide is a common consequence of depression in