Background The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of acupuncture (AC), Tanacetum (TAN) or combined treatment on quality of life in women with chronic migraine (CM). Methods A total of 69 women volunteers were randomly divided into 3 groups: AC, acupuncture administered in 20 sessions over 10 weeks (n=22); TAN, at 150 mg/day (n=23); and AC+TAN (n=23). The primary outcome was Short-Form 36 (SF-36) quality of life assessment score. Secondary outcomes included the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) score experienced after randomisation. Results AC+TAN was statistically significantly more effective than AC or TAN alone in overall health-related quality of life (SF-36; p<0.05), on MIDAS score (−35.1 (10.6) AC vs −24.8 (11.7) TAN vs −42.5 (9.8) AC+TAN; p<0.05) and in reducing the mean score of pain on VAS (−5.6 (2.4) AC vs −3.7 (2.1) TAN vs −6.4 (3.1) AC+TAN; p<0.05). Conclusions The present work shows an improvement of the quality of life and better analgesic effect of acupuncture combined with TAN treatment on migraine pain in women when compared with acupuncture or TAN alone. INTRODUCTIONIn Western societies, headache is one of the most common symptoms. In a nationwide survey, 21% of men and 36% of women reported headache in the previous week.

The results demonstrated the effectiveness of tender-point acupuncture treatment on the patients' overall well-being, not only by improving quality of life, but also by reducing the pain sensitivity of FMS.

Preemptive analgesia involves introducing an analgesic before noxious stimulation. Electroacupuncture (EA) activates descending mechanisms that modulate nociceptive inputs into the spinal dorsal horn. This study evaluated whether preoperative EA is more effective than postoperative EA in reducing incision pain in rats. The nociceptive threshold to mechanical stimulation was utilized to examine the effects of an intraperitoneal injection of saline (0.1 mL/kg) or naloxone (1 mg/kg) on antinociception induced by a 20-minute period of 2-Hz or 100-Hz EA applied to the Zusanli (ST36) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoints before surgical incision, or 10 minutes after or 100 minutes after surgical incision of the hind paw. The extent of mechanical hyperalgesia after the incision was significantly attenuated by the application of 100-Hz EA preoperatively, but not by its application at 10 minutes or 100 minutes postoperatively. By contrast, 2-Hz EA was effective against postoperative hyperalgesia when applied 10 minutes or 100 minutes after surgery but not when it was applied preoperatively. Only the effect of 2-Hz EA applied 10 minutes after surgery was sensitive to naloxone. The present study showed for the first time that 100-Hz EA, but not 2-Hz EA, exerts a nonopioidergic preemptive effect against postincision pain in rats.

Introduction: Injuries and/or dysfunctions in the somatosensory system can lead to neuropathic pain. Transient receptor potential vanilloid sub-type 1 (TRPV1) play an important role in the development of allodynia and hyperalgesia following injury and the ensuing inflammatory conditions. Resiniferatoxin (RTX) is an ultrapotent synthetic TRPV1 agonist and many different administration routes are available for different mechanisms and different effects. RTX is used intraperitonially as a model of neuropathic pain or epidurally and topically to produce prolonged analgesic effects. However, the use of RTX is controversial because its neurotoxicity and margin of safety have not been addressed adequately. The present study evaluates the effect of intrathecal RTX on the induction and allodynia behavior of animals submitted to neuropathic pain by chronic constriction injury (CCI). Methods: 160 Swiss mice were randomly distributed into two groups: intrathecal pre-treatment group (PRE) aiming the effect in induction of allodynia and late intrathecal treatment group (POST) to evaluate the antiallodynic effect of the RTX on mechanical nociceptive threshold evaluated by the Von Frey hair filaments.Additionally, we evaluated the expression of TRPV1 in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) by western blotting after PRE-and POST-treatment with RTX. Results: Our results showed that the CCI mice developed prolonged mechanical allodynia-like behavior in ipsilateral paw after surgery up to 24 hours. The PRE-and POST-treatment groups presented significant antiallodynic effects in ipsilateral paw for 24 hours. Only the POST-treatment group showed a significant reduction of expression of the TRPV1 receptor after CCI. Conclusion: The presented data demonstrated that both PRE-and POST-treatment with RTX given intrathecally produced potent antiallodynic activities in CCI mice and that POST-treatment can reduce TRPV1 expression in DRG, suggesting that POST-treatment RTX can revert central sensitization and its associated allodynia.

RESUMEN | Aunque la estimulación nerviosa eléctrica transcutánea (TENS) ha sido propuesta para modular el dolor y los mecanismos subyacentes a la analgesia sigue siendo mal entendida, la evidencia del efecto antiinflamatorio es limitada.El propósito de este estudio fue examinar los mecanismos opioidérgicos de los efectos de la TENS en dos frecuencias diferentes sobre el dolor y el edema inflamatorio en un modelo de ratas con esguince de tobillo. Se utilizó el umbral a la estimulación mecánica para examinar los cambios producidos por inyección intraperitoneal del antagonista opiáceo no selectivo naloxona sobre el efecto antihiperalgésico inducido por un período de 20 minutos de 2Hz o 100Hz TENS en el modelo con esguince de tobillo, producido por sobrecarga manual de los ligamentos laterales. El esguince de tobillo indujo una reducción de larga duración en latencia de la pata retraída (PWL) después de 30 minutos por hasta 24 horas en simulación de la TENS (SH-TENS) para las ratas tratadas. El PWL reducido después de la inducción del esguince de tobillo fue restaurado parcialmente en 0,1,2,3 y 6, pero no por 24 horas, después de la terminación de 2 Hz-TENS (LF-TENS).La reducción en PWL fue menor que LF-TENS en 100Hz(HF-TENS) y tanto los efectos de LF como de HF fueron completamente bloqueados en ratas tratadas con naloxona.Las ratas tratadas con LF-y HF-TENS no alcanzaron la elevación del edema y presentaron una reducción progresiva del edema durante más de 24 horas en comparación con el grupo SH-TENS. Ambos efectos fueron reducidos por la naloxona. Efectos antihiperalgésicos y antiedematosos TENSinducidos observados en el modelo con esguince de tobillo fueron mediados por el sistema opioide endógeno.Palabras clave |