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Rosmarinus officinalis L. is an aromatic plant with a number of biological properties. Recently, has been studied regarding its therapeutic potential. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review on R. officinalis essential oil for its pharmacological properties and biotechnological applications. Areas covered: The databases were searched for articles (Science Direct, Pub Med and Web of Science) and patents (INPI, WIPO and EPO) with publications on R. officinalis and associations with essential oil (EO-Ro), cardiovascular system, hypertension and cyclodextrin. We selected 305 articles on EO-Ro in the most diverse subjects and six articles with of R. officinalis associated with hypertension. 59 patents were analyzed. The results demonstrate how extensive the studies are on the biological activities with the extract and EO-Ro. These have shown effects antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and other. The properties exhibited by EO-Ro reinforce the use of this plant as a phytotherapeutic agent. Expert opinion: Although there are several pharmacological properties, studies on the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular diseases with EO-Ro are scarce, especially to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of EO-Ro. It has also become clear that EO-Ro can be exploited in different commercial products as supplement, cosmetics and new formulations.

The incidence of systemic arterial hypertension is increasing worldwide. The foundation of prevention is identification of people with hypertension. Nowadays, biomarkers are used to diagnose and stratify diseases and estimates prognosis. The objective of this study was to review articles published over the last 5 years on the subject of biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases. The PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct and MEDLINE databases were searched using the keywords: arterial hypertension, cardiovascular biomarkers, nitric oxide, endothelial function and asymmetric dimethylarginine. The studies reviewed show that cardiovascular diseases have complex etiologies. This article describes evidence demonstrating interactions between nitric oxide and asymmetric dimethylarginine that are involved in regulation, in metabolism, and in determination of intracellular levels, and also discusses other biomarkers related to hypertension. Some studies indicate that biomarkers are useful tools for prediction of cardiac events, whereas others state that they have little to contribute to assessments. Careful selection of tests and combinations of tests may be the key to validating use of biomarkers, in view of their low specificity for diagnosing hypertension.Keywords: biomarkers; hypertension; endothelial function; ADMA. ResumoA incidência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica está aumentando mundialmente. Sua prevenção baseia-se na identificação dos hipertensos. Atualmente, biomarcadores são utilizados com fins de diagnosticar, estratificar e prognosticar doenças. Neste estudo, objetivou-se revisar artigos dos últimos cinco anos relacionados a biomarcadores nas doenças cardiovasculares. Pesquisaram-se dados de PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct e MEDLINE, mediante as palavras-chave: hipertensão arterial, biomarcadores cardiovasculares, óxido nítrico, função endotelial e dimetilarginina assimétrica. Os estudos levantados mostram que as doenças cardiovasculares possuem uma etiologia complexa. Neste artigo, evidenciaram-se interações entre o óxido nítrico e a dimetilarginina assimétrica na regulação, no metabolismo e na determinação dos níveis intracelulares, e reviram-se outros biomarcadores relacionados à hipertensão. Alguns estudos indicam os biomarcadores como uma ferramenta útil na predição de eventos cardíacos, e outros reportam que eles contribuem pouco para a avaliação. A seleção e combinação desses pode ser uma alternativa para validar o uso dos biomarcadores devido à pouca especificidade existente para diagnosticar a hipertensão. Palavras