Abstract. Montenegro so far has been poorly investigated in terms of climate extremes. The aim of this paper was to analyse the extreme ETCCDI (Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices) temperature indices in the Mediterranean region of Montenegro for the period of 1951-2010. Four stations in the coastal area of Montenegro have been analysed: Herceg Novi, Ulcinj, Budva and Bar. Two periods (before 1980 and after 1980) were separately investigated in this study due to a well-known climate shift that occurred in the late 1970s. Seven indices of temperature extremes have been chosen. The trend was analysed using a MannKendall non-parametric test, while the slope was estimated using Sen's slope estimator. A negative trend has been calculated for cold nights and cold days at almost all stations. The most significant positive trends were obtained for warm conditions. The two separately investigated periods have shown contrasting temperature trends.

Changes in Europe's Temperature Extreme Values. In environmental researches several concerns on the evolution of temperatures. However, in the last decade we can observe intensification of extreme events, including that of temperatures. The present research investigates the evolution of extreme temperature values scaled at annual scale using frequency analysis on historical data. Three types of extreme temperatures were analyzed: annual minimum and maximum, and highest daily temperature fluctuation on annual scale. The results show both the dynamics of changes and probabilistic laws describing the extreme values, obtaining hazard related to these phenomena. We found risky evolutions in case of maximum annual temperatures, when in 55% of locations the associated hazard value was increasing for long or short time period, and in case of highest daily temperature fluctuation, when in 71% of cases the associated hazard value was increasing for long or short time period.

In recent years, extreme air temperatures and other weather events are much more common in the territory of Montenegro. These events are result of changes in atmospheric circulation. The main objective of this paper is to examine the connection between air temperature parameters and variability of the East Atlantic Oscillation. The research in the framework of this theme was done using data from 23 meteorological stations for the period 1951-2010, and calculations were done for each season separately. The influence of the East Atlantic Oscillation was tested on 9 parameters of the air temperature in the territory of Montenegro, out of which 6 are climate indices. The obtained results showed that variability of the East Atlantic Oscillation influences the changes of air temperature in Montenegro, both in terms of average values and frequency of extreme events represented by climate indices.

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This study investigates the influence of atmospheric circulation in the Mediterranean region on the precipitation in Montenegro. Nine precipitation parameters have been used in the analysis and the relationship has been investigated by the Mediterranean and West Mediterranean Oscillation change index (MO and WeMO). According to a 60 - year observed period (1951-2010), the research results show that nothing characteristic happens with seasonal and annual precipitation sums because the trend is mainly insignificant. However, precipitation extremes are getting more extreme, which corresponds with a general idea of global warming. Negative consequences of daily intensity increase and frequency of precipitation days above fixed and percentile thresholds have been recorded recently in the form of torrents, floods, intensive erosive processes, etc., but it should be pointed out that human factor is partly a cause of such events. The estimate of the influence of teleconnection patterns primarily related to the Mediterranean Basin has shown that their variability affects the observed precipitation parameters on the territory of Montenegro regarding both seasonal and annual sums and frequency and intensity of extreme events shown by climate indices.