Aim: 1) To review the literature of various applications of stem cell regeneration in dentistry from 2010 to 2016. 2) To review these studies and to summarize the current status of stem cell regeneration in intra oral applications.3) To present the available successful data with regard to stem cell regeneration in dentistry and to highlight the future trends. Materials and Methods: Search Protocol: A systematic search was made in the PubMed database with the key words gingiva, papillary reconstruction, periodontal ligament, dental pulp, salivary gland, enamel re-mineralization, dentin, cementum, bone, whole tooth, cleft palate, regeneration and stem cells. All articles from 2010 to 2016, relevant to the topic were included. After the search a total of 1826 articles were obtained which were screened and categorized by three independent reviewers as review papers, in vitro, animal and human studies, pertaining to stem cell regeneration in intra oral applications. On the basis of the extracted data and outcome measures, conclusions were drawn. Results: Maximum number of animal studies has been done to regenerate periodontal tissues, bone, dentin and pulp tissues. Few human studies have been done till date. Although clinically, researchers have been able to regenerate periodontal-like tissue, bone and pulp-like tissue, they still haven't been able to regenerate tissues that completely resemble tissues in their natural form. Conclusion: The future of stem cell therapy in dental applications looks promising. The predictability and efficacy of outcomes, as well as safety concerns of stem cell therapy is yet to be fully established. Ongoing research and development of newer scaffolds, understanding various signaling molecules and their cues, understanding gene expression and proteomics of stem cells are the future directions that will take us a step forward to achieving successful regeneration.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the alterations in speech intelligibility in a cleft palate patient, before and after extending and modifying the palatal contour of the existing prosthesis using a correctable wax recording. An eight-year-old girl studying in second grade with a velopharyngeal defect using an obturator reported to the outpatient clinic complaining of lack in clarity of speech. The existing prosthesis was lacking a speech bulb hence it was decided to add the speech bulb to the existing prosthesis and evaluate the speech. Even after the use of speech bulb it was observed that she was unable to pronounce the vowels and words like shoe, vision, cheer, etc. clearly. Hence, a palatography was done using a correctable wax technique and the existing prosthesis was altered accordingly. Great improvement in speech, mastication, and velopharyngeal function was achieved after the palatography alteration of the existing prosthesis.

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Aim: To evaluate the invasion of two bacterial species; Streptococcus sanguinis (S.s) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) in radicular dentinal tubules with and without an intact cemental layer using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Methodology: 10 intact freshly extracted human teeth were prepared and divided into 2 groups, Group 1: S.s (1a: S.s without cementum, 1b: S.s with intact cementum) and Group 2:A.a (2a:A.a without cementum, 2b: with intact cementum). The cemental layer on each root was removed from one side and kept intact on the other side. The specimens were incubated in the bacterial suspension for 15days at 37˚C. The specimens were sectioned, mounted, stained with a fluorescent dye and viewed under the Confocal Scanning Electron Microscope at 40X magnification. The penetration of bacteria and presence of live bacteria in dentinal tubules in all the groups was analyzed. Results: In both the groups there was a significantly higher penetration of bacteria through the exposed dentin as compared to sections with intact cementum. However, there was a significantly higher penetration of Streptococcus sanguinis as compared to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Conclusion: An intact cemental layer protects the dentin from invasion of bacterial species. These bacteria can lead to reinfection of treated periodontal pockets, pulpal inflammation or persistence of periapical infections. Therefore, management of endodontic-periodontic lesions and periodontal therapies should aim at preserving or regenerating a healthy cemental layer.