A água é um dos recursos essenciais para sustentação da vida de todas as espécies do planeta. A oferta de água nas regiões semiáridas brasileira está intrinsecamente ligada aos fatores e características naturais da área: Instabilidades climáticas e as características litológicas.  O Estado do Ceará é marcado por intensos períodos de escassez hídrica, na qual a população fica vulnerável a uma má qualidade de vida e de saúde. O município de Russas situa-se porção nordeste do estado, onde o déficit hídrico está associado aos longos períodos de estiagem. A água subterrânea aparece como uma das principais fontes para suprir a carência hídrica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um diagnóstico hídrico da quantidade de água disponível do município no ano de 2019, usando banco de dados governamentais, disponíveis na internet, e informações de Órgãos do estado que gerenciam esses recursos. Foram analisados a quantidade de poços cadastrados e suas vazões, foi realizada a classificação dos reservatórios de superfície, com possível vazões; e a série histórica da pluviometria do município de Russas, no período de 1980 a 2018. O município apresenta um quadro hídrico quantitativo bastante delicado, com longos períodos de estiagem. Os reservatórios superficiais foram classificados de pequenos a muitos pequenos, onde o maior açude do município, apresenta vazão de 12 m3/h. Russas possui um total de 358 poços cadastrados, dos quais apenas 35% estão bombeando com uma vazão de total de 668,95m3/h. O município necessita de uma gestão mais sustentável na questão da oferta hídrica. Diagnosis of the water supply of the municipality of Russas – CE: A descriptive analysis as a subsidy to the sustainable management of water resources A B S T R A C TThe water supply in the Brazilian semi-arid regions is intrinsically linked to the natural characteristics of the area, like climate and lithological settings. The State of Ceará is marked by intense periods of water scarcity, in which the population is vulnerable to a poor quality of life and health. The municipality of Russas is located in the northeastern part of the state, where the hydric deficit is associated with long periods of drought. Groundwater appears as one of the main sources to supply water shortages. The objective of this work was to carry out a hydric diagnosis of the amount of water available in Russas in 2019, using government databases and information from state agencies that manage these resources. The number of registered wells and their flows were analyzed, the classification of surface reservoirs was carried out, with possible flows; and the historical series of rainfall in the municipality of Russas, from 1980 to 2018. The municipality has a very delicate quantitative hydric situation, with long periods of drought. The superficial reservoirs were classified from small to many small, where the largest reservoir in the municipality, has a flow of 12 m3/h. Russas has a total of 358 registered wells, of which only 35% are pumping with a total flow of 668.95 m3/h. The municipality needs more sustainable management in terms of hydric supply.Keywords: Hydric demand, Semiarid, Hydric infrastructure.

Aracati, a municipality in the State of Ceará, is experiencing water shortages. The unpredictability of rainfall and a lack of management of these resources worsen water scarcity. The work diagnosed water availability in the municipality to aid municipal water planning. The secondary data was precipitation, drilling wells, and water bodies mapped in Google Earth Pro®. The municipality presents a severe drought and has a poor water-to-land ratio. The 19 operating wells intended for human use have a daily output estimate sufficient to supply water to 65% of the local population. A further 23 wells are inactive, contributing another 20% to the groundwater supply deficit. Concerning water quality, there is fresh water in 23% of the wells, saline water in 25%, and brackish water in 52% of the wells. Therefore, it is critical to focus on managing and supporting projects for the sustainable use of water resources.

In regions with semi-arid characteristics, groundwater is a precious source of water supply, mainly from alluvium, due to the decent quality of its waters. However, the sandy texture favors vulnerability, and the infiltration and percolation of fluids increase the risk of contamination of the aquifer in the presence of polluting sources. The population’s knowledge about these problems is still ephemeral, which can lead to the consumption of contaminated water, putting health at risk. Thus, research was conducted in the municipality of Russas – Ceará, to study the quality of groundwater, the possible polluting sources in the urban area, and assess the possible risks to human health. First, technical visits for reconnaissance and survey of information were conducted, such as possible polluting sources and situations of existing wells. The selection of wells to collect water followed criteria of proximity to polluting sources, well conditions, and, mainly, those linked to the use of water for human consumption. The result showed that 43% of the samples are above the limits proved by Brazilian legislation for turbidity, total hardness, TDS, sodium, chloride, and nitrate, while the others are withinthe standard. Concerning chlorides and nitrates, the concentrations show there is possibly a relationship with anthropic contaminants(agricultural area; domestic effluents) for the aquifer recharge areas and condition common problems to human health. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to continue research in Medical Geology that will enable the monitoring and future management of water quality of groundwater for the population.

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