In the present paper, the recent trends and developments regarding the manufacturing of hip-joint prosthesis replacements in treating post-traumatic and generative dystrophic joint diseases are reviewed, with the aim in mind of providing useful information for the manufacturing and biomedical researchers and engineers.

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The surface functionality of interacting components is determined by evaluating geometric surface structure. Hence, the ceramic femoral heads originated from precision machining were subject to measurement and analysis with regard to roughness, surface damages and deviation from roundness. A variety of measurement techniques were applied in order to thoroughly examine the product quality. The obtained results proved in accordance with the specification: Ra was not greater than 0.05 µm, whereas Δ was less than 10 µm (5 µm) when ceramic balls were used in conjunction with a polyethylene (ceramic) socket. Additionally, the surface damages which can affect the life of a friction pair were analyzed.

Electrochemical machining is an unique method of shaping in which, for optimal parameters tool has no wear, surface layer properties after machining are similar to the core material and surface quality and accuracy increase together with material removal rate increase. Such advantages of electrochemical machining, besides of some ecological problems, create industry interest in the range of manufacturing elements made of materials with special properties (i.e. turbine blades of flow aircrafts engines). In the paper the nowadays possibilities and recent practical application of electrochemical machining in aircraft have been presented.

The chip-forming precision machining process plays a significant role in the mechanical technology. In planning of machining operation, it is crucial to supply the information about the possible minimal value of the machining allowance. For the technologist, when planning the machining operation, it is important to define the minimal thickness of cutting layer correctly. This article presents a new method of describing the start of decohesion process in a workpiece, meaning the determination of the minimal thickness of cutting layer based on the AE signal generated in the cutting zone. The research conducted on the turning of an alloy steel and the analysis of the AE signal strength confirmed that the proposed method opens new possibilities in quickening the identification of the minimal thickness of cutting layer under normal machining conditions.