A project has been initiated to synthesize proanthocyanidin oligomers found in cocoa. Natural, readily
available (+)-catechin was transformed into 5,7,3‘,4‘-tetra-O-benzyl-(−)-epicatechin (14) by (a) benzylation
of the phenolic oxygens; (b) oxidation of the 3-alcohol to ketone by the Dess−Martin periodinane; and (c)
reduction with lithium tri-sec-butylborohydride (l-Selectride) in the presence of LiBr. The additive diminishes
the extent of ketone enolization while maintaining a stereoselectivity of ≥200:1. Oxidation of 14 with DDQ
was performed best from the standpoint of product purification if ethylene glycol was used as the nucleophilic
trapping agent. The resulting ether 19 was condensed with 14 using TiCl4 to give a good yield of benzyl-protected epicatechin-4β,8-epicatechin (octa-O-benzylprocyanidin B2, 20) as the sole dimeric product.
Hydrogenolysis of 20 yielded procyanidin B2 in the first enantiospecific synthesis of this natural product which
employs protected intermediates and thereby allows the necessary product separation after the condensation
step to be performed on nonpolar, nonsensitive intermediates. Acylation of 20 with tri-O-benzylgalloyl chloride
followed by hydrogenolysis gave access to the title bis-gallate (24). This constitutes the first synthesis of this
natural product, a compound notable for its PKC-inhibitory and anticancer activity.
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