Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare benign breast disease. A systematic review was designed. Clinical and therapeutic characteristics were analyzed. Human Development Index (HDI) was used to define two groups of study: group A (very high and high HDI) and group B (medium and low HDI). Corticosteroid therapy was done in 69% group A and 78% group B. Surgery was done in 63% in group A and 83% in group B. Antibiotics were used in 68% group A and 88% group B. There is no consensus about optimal treatment for granulomatous mastitis.

Rape oil (Brassica napus) Soya oil (Soja hispida) a b s t r a c t This paper deals with the study of the vegetable oils (VO) used as fuel for heating. The properties of sunflower, rape and soya oils are studied and these are compared with the properties of C-diesel fuel (used for heating domestic purposes in Spain). The mixtures of VO and diesel are studied and characterized and, finally, the results of a series of combustion trials of the mixtures in a conventional heating installation with a mechanical pulverization burner are presented. The results show that viscosity of VO limits the use of blends up to 40% of them, and the oxygen present in their structures contributes to an efficiency gain.

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Thermolysis of (−)-(R)-1-benzyl-2-(2-phenyl-2-butyl)diazene, (−)-R-4, produces (+)-(S)-2-methyl-1,2-diphenylbutane with 12% net retention of configuration at 110 °C in benzene or pentane containing 1 M butanethiol. The ratio of the rate constant for coupling of the initial radical pair to that of rotation of the 2-phenyl-2-butyl radical, kc/kr, is calculated to be ∼0.04–0.08. Thermolysis of (+)-(S-1-(2-phenyl-2-butyl)-2-(2-propyl)diazene at 100 °C in benzene containing 1 M butanethiol produces 2,3-dimethyl-3-phenylpentane with no observable rotation. The product must be less than 15% optically pure. The reaction produces (−)-(R)-2-phenylbutane, (−)-(R)-16, with 0.6–1.3% retention of configuration. The ratio of the rate constant for disproportionation to (−)-(R)-16 to kr is calculated to be 0.02–0.04. Thermolysis of (−)-(R)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-(2-phenyl-2-butyl-diazene, (−)-(R)-12, at 175 °C in diphenylether produced no 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-phenylbutane. This product was produced on photolysis of (+)-(S)-12 in hexadecane at 15 °C but had no rotation. Neither (+)-(S)-7 nor (−)-(R)-12 was racemized during thermolysis and (+)-(S)-12 was not racemized during photolysis. Activation parameters for thermolysis of (±)-4 are ΔH≠ = 33 kcal/mol, ΔS≠ = 15 eu and for (±)-12, ΔH≠ = 37.3 kcal/mol, ΔS≠ = 5.5 eu.

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