The development and consolidation of the "huerta" (an agricultural system of irrigated fields) of Orihuela (Alicante, Spain) involved a series of historical changes in the ecosystem that have determined the configuration of the fauna associated with it in time. Focusing on the Medieval period (13 th to 16 th centuries), the sociocultural factors that caused these changes and their impact on fauna during this period are analyzed in this study. For this we have conducted a review of various sources that can reconstruct the most significant processes in the evolution of the landscape and wildlife of the area. To a large extent, the variety of environments that have historically been part of this territory, now much more homogeneous, are the source of its high animal diversity. RÉSUMÉ Évolution historique de la faune médiévale du Bas Segura, province d'Alicante (Espagne).Le développement et la consolidation de la « huerta » (plaine irriguée et cultivée) de Orihuela (Alicante, Espagne) a impliqué une série de changements historiques de l'écosystème qui ont déterminé la configuration de la faune qui leur est associée à travers le temps. En se centrant sur l'époque médiévale (XIII e -XVI e siècles), cette étude analyse les facteurs socioculturels qui ont provoqué ces changements et leurs répercussions sur la faune de la région pendant cette période. Dans ce but, nous avons peu à peu reconstruit les processus les plus significatifs de l'évolution du paysage et la faune du territoire. La diversité des milieux qui, au cours de l'histoire, ont fait partie de ce territoire, beaucoup plus homogène de nos jours, est en grande partie à l'origine de leur grande diversité animale.
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