The change in the demographic distribution of Costa Rica establishes the elderly as a public health priority. Oral health is a multidimensional indicator, which includes biological, social, and psychological dimensions. Besides using measures of morbidity and mortality, different indicators seek to approximate other subjective dimensions. There is an increasing interest in analyzing the role of quality of life on health. This study aims to identify the main determinants of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQL) in the elderly attending a day center in the city of Desamparados (San José, Costa Rica). This is a descriptive cross-sectional study ran between 2018 and 2019. OHRQL was measured via the General / Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). As independent variables, sociodemographic, socioeconomic, morbidity, health behaviors, and drug consumption were included. Bivariate analyzes were performed using the Wilcoxon, Kruskall-Wallis, and Spearman non-parametric tests, using STATA 14. This study revealed differences in GOHAI scores according to demographic, socioeconomic, morbidity, medication, and health behaviors. Those over 80 years old, women, with higher levels of education, high income, without edentulism, with low levels of xerostomia, people without diseases, who do not take medication, who do not smoke, play sports, do not snack and who consume moderately sugars, are those that report a better OHRQL compared to their counterparts.
Objective: Dental decay is a public health challenge in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, particularly for young people, often confronted to healthcare access barriers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of dental caries among young male students in Costa Rica. Study design: A cross-sectional study was performed in 428 Costa Rican male students aged 12-22 years, who attended a nonprofit social welfare boarding school in 2019. A clinical examination was ran by three calibrated examiners following the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II). Results: Caries prevalence was estimated at 83%, 15% have lost a tooth due to dental decay, 61% have at least one filled tooth, 36% have at least one filled and decayed tooth. The most frequent caries lesions were codes 2-Inactive (46.7%), and code 1-Inactive (23.8%). DMFT indicated a mean index using ICDAS-II 1-6>0 codes of 7.89. Using ICDAS-II 3-6>0 as threshold, the index decreases to 3.94. Finally, the lower and upper first permanent molars were found to be the most affected teeth. Conclusions: Dental caries experience represents a significant public health burden in young people, requiring better access to public dental healthcare.
People’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to health are built throughout life, particularly during childhood and adolescence, and they reflect the practices of their family and social circle. The aim of this study was to identify the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to oral health of first-year university students at the Paraíso Campus of the University of Costa Rica. This was done through a questionnaire of closed questions that would allow oral health educational strategies to be established in the future for this population group. For this purpose, a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted, where 70 first-year students of the Paraíso Campus participated in the first semester of the year 2019. For data collection, a survey of 22 closed questions on knowledge, attitudes, and practices about oral health was applied, and a score on oral health knowledge was subsequently performed, based on the answers to the questions. According to the results, the level of knowledge shown about oral health is low, since the average knowledge score (7.02 points) was less than half of the maximum score (17 points). The greatest deficiency in knowledge was evidenced in topics, such as, dental biofilm, gingivitis, use of fluorides, and the role of saliva. In addition, several practices that affect the condition of the oral cavity were identified, such as harmful habits, inadequate nutrition, and poor oral hygiene habits. In this study, a general lack of knowledge was identified regarding basic concepts of oral health in young university students, who are not clear about the role of some protective or risk factors related to the main oral diseases.
Introducción: el cáncer de cavidad oral se caracteriza por tener alta prevalencia, una tasa de supervivencia baja y representa un problema de salud pública. La masticación y la deglución pueden afectarse, como consecuencia de las lesiones primarias del cáncer o por los efectos adversos del tratamiento. Objetivo: determinar las limitaciones funcionales en la masticación y deglución en personas con cáncer de cavidad oral avanzado desde un enfoque interdisciplinario para una intervención odontológica paliativa. Metodología: artículo de revisión bibliográfica narrativa que incluyó 45 artículos en inglés, español y portugués, publicados del año 2013 en adelante. La población de interés fueron las personas adultas con cáncer oral avanzado que presenten limitaciones en la masticación y deglución en condiciones de Cuidados Paliativos. Se excluyeron resúmenes o comunicaciones de congresos y editoriales. Resultados: la masticación y la deglución pueden presentar limitaciones en su función que requieren una intervención paliativa desde el enfoque odontológico. Dentro de las intervenciones se pueden citar el control del trismus, la protección de las piezas dentales y sus tejidos de soporte, el cuidado de las prótesis dentales, el control del dolor y de las infecciones, la prevención y tratamiento de la osteorradionecrosis, la atención de la xerostomía, la intervención de la mucositis oral, la reconstrucción quirúrgica de estructuras anatómicas perdidas, la utilización de prótesis maxilofaciales y el control de edema. Conclusión: la odontología tiene un rol relevante en la intervención paliativa de las personas con cáncer de cavidad oral avanzado con limitaciones de la masticación y deglución al proporcionar un cuidado total y activo de la boca, en el que el alivio del dolor y el mantenimiento de las piezas dentales son una prioridad.
En el curso práctico de Externado Clínico que se realiza en el Recinto de Paraíso de la Universidad de Costa Rica los estudiantes de sexto año, de la carrera de Odontología ponen en práctica los conocimientos adquiridos en años anteriores en escenarios diversos. La población atendida es principalmente de estudiantes universitarios, aunque también se incluye al personal docente y administrativo del Recinto de Paraíso, personas de la comunidad y residentes de Ciudad de los Niños (colegio técnico situado en Agua Caliente, Cartago). Las actividades que se desarrollan son variadas pues el estudiante debe brindar atención odontológica en la Clínica del Recinto mediante la realización de anamnesis, exámenes clínicos, radiografías intraorales, índices de biopelícula dental, instrucciones de higiene oral, profilaxis, aplicaciones tópicas de flúor así como de sellantes de fosas y fisuras, operatoria dental, periodoncia, endodoncia, exodoncia y cirugía. No obstante, durante el curso se llevan a cabo diversas actividades como promoción de la salud mediante charlas educativas, atención bucodental en distintas instituciones, giras a la Reserva Indígena Cabécar-Chirripó, trabajos de investigación entre otros. La rotación en el Externado Clínico, Recinto de Paraíso se constituye en un espacio donde los estudiantes se desarrollan en un ambiente similar al que encontraran luego de graduarse, donde tienen la oportunidad de proyectarse en la comunidad, promover la salud bucodental y brindar atención en distintos grupos de población, permitiendo así que se contribuya en la formación integral del profesional en odontología.
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