The relative age effect (RAE) has been studied and demonstrated in the literature. Our study evaluated the influence of birth tertile on anthropometric variables, anaerobic parameters, and quantitative muscle ultrasound in school children. A transversal, comparative, non-randomized study was conducted with 159 participants (9.36 ± 0.84 years) recruited by purposive sampling, of whom 70 were girls (9.50 ± 0.77 years) and 89 were boys (9.25 ± 0.88 years). The sample was divided into groups based on the year of birth, and each group was divided into tertiles. The anthropometric parameters of body weight, height, and fat percentage were measured, and then a right quadriceps ultrasound was performed, followed by the evaluation of CMJ and continuous jumps. Comparison of tertile subgroups showed significant differences in the vertical jump, in girls (CMJ, PCMJ, PCMJR, PCMJDE, PCMJDER, and PP15) and in boys (PCMJ, PCMJR, PCMJDE, and PP15). The results indicate that being born in the first months of the year may have a positive influence on performance in anaerobic tests, such as vertical jump, and on the quantitative ultrasound results of the quadriceps.
Objetivo: analizar las correlaciones entre la eco-intensidad (EI) del músculo cuádriceps medido por ecografía cuantitativa, y el salto vertical en niños en edad escolar. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal, comparativo y no aleatorio. Se utilizó una muestra intencional compuesta por 184 niños escolares, entre 7 y 10 años. Imágenes transversales fueron obtenidas del cuádriceps femoral derecho por ecografía para determinar la eco-intensidad del recto femoral o anterior, vasto intermedio o crural y vasto lateral o externo. La fuerza explosiva fue medida mediante las pruebas de Salto con contra-movimiento (CMJ) y saltos repetidos por quince segundos (RJ15). Resultados: La EI de los componentes evaluados del cuádriceps se correlacionan significativamente con las mediciones derivadas del salto vertical tipo CMJ y RJ15 en niños y niñas entre 7 y 10 años (PP15R vs Dif 1C, Dif 2C, Dif 3C, r= 0,53-0,59).
Objective:To evaluate the differences in quantitative ultrasound of the quadriceps in a sample of schoolchildren who practise different sports. Material and method: A transversal, comparative and non-randomised study was carried out with an intentional sample of 184 schoolchildren, aged between 7 and 10 years. The sample was divided into three groups based on the sport practised: a) only soccer; b) volleyball, basketball, swimming, gymnastics and cheerleading; and c) no sport practised. The eco-intensity, thickness and pennation angle of some components of the quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius) were measured using B-mode ultrasound imaging. Results: There were significant differences between the 3 groups of children in the variables that measure the quality of the muscle: eco-intensity and fat percentage of the rectus femoris (p < 0.05), muscle thickness of the anterior (p< 0.05) and lateral (p< 0.01) vastus intermedius, and in the pennation angle of the rectus femoris (ARF) (p< 0.05) and of the vastus lateralis (AVL) (p< 0.01). Between groups b and c there were differences in the ARF in boys (p< 0.01) and in the AVL in girls (p< .05). Conclusion: The way in which sport initiation is carried out in children between 7 and 10 years of age may cause differences in the quadriceps muscle, which can be demonstrated through the use of quantitative ultrasound. Moreover, such differen-ces are related to the duration and frequency of the stimulus, which becomes a qualitative aspect to be considered when programming the training contents at these ages.
Introducción: La obesidad sigue siendo uno de los problemas más grandes de salud pública en todo el mundo. Se conoce que está asociada con una gran variedad de enfermedades; en mujeres obesas, aún se desconoce la forma idónea para realizar una adecuada prescripción física. Objetivo: revisar los tipos de entrenamientos físicos de ensayos controlados aleatorizados publicados en la base de datos PubMed entre los años 2015 a 2022 sobre los cambios en la composición corporal en mujeres adultas de 18 a 65 años con obesidad. Metodología: se utilizó a modo de filtro la “Herramienta de Evaluación de Calidad Validada para Estudios Cuantitativos”. Resultados: la búsqueda arrojó 586 artículos, de los cuales el 93.85% fueron eliminados; 6.14% pasaron por un filtro que dejó un total de 1.7%. Conclusión: en mujeres adultas con obesidad, se ha demostrado que todos los tipos de entrenamiento físico sirven para generar cambios en la composición corporal. Introduction: Obesity continues to be one of the biggest public health problems worldwide. It is known to be associated with a wide variety of diseases; in obese women, the ideal way to carry out an adequate physical prescription is still unknown. Objective: to review the types of physical training in randomized controlled trials published in the PubMed database between 2015 and 2022 on changes in body composition in adult women aged 18 to 65 with obesity. Methodology: the "Validated Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies" was used as a filter. Outcomes: the search yielded 586 articles, of which 93.85% were eliminated; 6.14% went through a filter that left a total of 1.7%. Conclusion: in adult women with obesity, it has been shown that all types of physical training serve to generate changes in body composition.
Objetivo: Correlacionar la ecointensidad, el espesor muscular del recto femoral y el vasto intermedio (EVI) con la potencia del salto vertical y el porcentaje de fibras rápidas en niños en edad escolar. Método: Se evaluaron 47 niños entre 6 y 10 años. La ecointensidad y el espesor del muslo anterior (recto femoral y vasto intermedio) fueron medidos usando una ecografía en modo-B. La potencia del salto vertical y el porcentaje de fibras rápidas fueron medidos por el salto vertical con contramovimiento y saltos continuos durante 15 segundos. Resultados: La potencia del salto vertical tipo salto vertical con contramovimiento y el espesor del vasto intermedio longitudinal y transversal presentaron una moderada correlación (0.3644 y 0.3694, v.p.< 0.05). La prueba de X² de independencia (v.p. Fisher= 0.0236) muestra asociación entre la potencia del salto vertical con contramovimiento y el espesor del vasto intermedio longitudinal y transversal. El porcentaje de fibras rápidas y la diferencia entre la ecointensidad grasa menos la ecointensidad del recto femoral sumada a la del vasto intermedio indican una moderada correlación (0.3555, v.p. 0.0142). La prueba de X² de independencia (v.p. Fisher = 0.07003) no muestra asociación entre el porcentaje de fibras rápidas y la diferencia entre la ecointensidad grasa menos la ecointensidad del recto femoral sumada a la del vasto intermedio. Conclusión: La evaluación ecográfica del músculo cuádriceps (específicamente recto femoral y vasto intermedio) puede ser una herramienta útil para evaluar el desempeño físico anaeróbico en niños escolares sanos.
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