The long-term effects of methoxyfenozide on the longevity and reproductive processes of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), adults were assessed after exposure by ingestion. Methoxyfenozide significantly reduced adult male longevity compared with females by 1.1 and 1.5 d at 75 and 150 mg (AI)/liter, respectively. Fecundity decreased by >60% with both concentrations at 72 and 96 h after treatment, but at 48 h, no significant effect was observed. The carbohydrate, protein, and lipid content in the eggs were determined as representatives of the biochemical effects of methoxyfenozide associated with the disruption of reproductive processes. The content of carbohydrates in the eggs laid 48 h at treatment was similar to that of controls, but it increased by approximately 1.5 and 2-fold in eggs laid after 72 and 96 h, respectively, compared with controls (15 microg per egg). Protein content was reduced approximately 2.5 and approximately 3-fold for each treatment concentration, respectively, compared with the controls (25 and 23 microg per egg for 75 and 150 mg [AI]/liter, respectively) in eggs collected 72 and 96 h after treatment. Lipid content significantly decreased by approximately 1.6-fold in both treatment concentrations in eggs collected at 48 and 96 h after treatment compared with the controls (24 and 21 microg per egg for 48 and 96, respectively), but it was similar to controls (approximately 19 microg per egg) at 72 h (approximately 15 microg per egg) for both concentrations. The biochemical effects of methoxyfenozide on S. exigua egg formation detected in this work are consistent with the reduction in fertility observed, as reported previously.

We designed a low cost optical transmission system for use in undergraduate courses in physics and engineering. The system includes boards for bit error rate (BER) measurements, digital and analog transmitters and receivers. master clock, pseudo-random sequence. and noise generators. Programmable logic components were used for both, the BER meter and the pseudorandom seqnetice generator. The cost. of the equipment and its design simplicity makes it suitable for most teaching laboratories.

P ristimantis Jiménez de la Espada 1871 is the most diverse genus of anurans, amphibians, and tetrapod vertebrates, having 591 currently recognized species (Amphibiaweb 2022). The genus is Neotropical, ranging from Honduras southwards through Mesoamerica and South America, reaching northern Argentina (Frost 2021). The country in which they are most diverse is Colombia, with 233 species (Acosta-Galvis 2022). In Colombia, the presence of the genus is widespread, except in the Goajira and the eastern Llanos. On the contrary, the genus is very well represented in the Chocó, Amazon, and especially in the Andes, where many species have continuous distributions towards Venezuela to the north (Acevedo 2014), and Ecuador to the South (Lynch and Duellman 1980; Lynch and Duellman 1997). The Pristimantis fauna of Ecuador is the most similar and shares a great number of species with Colombia, as many of the habitats in the two countries are contiguous.Pristimantis ornatissimus was originally described by Despax (1911) without a precise type locality, being only referred to "Equateur" (= Ecuador). Currently, it is well understood that the species' distribution is restricted to northwestern Ecuador in the Carchi, Cotopaxi, Esmeraldas, Pichincha, and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Provinces (Arteaga et al. 2013;Frenkel et al. 2022), where it inhabits rain and low cloud forests from 230 to 1,100 m asl. This species is currently considered as VU (vulnerable) by the IUCN (Coloma et al. 2004), but Endangered under the Ecuadorian Red List (Ortega-Andrade et al. 2021).The closest report of the species to the Colombian border is 29 km south, at Rio Baboso, near Lita, Carchí (Frenkel

El texto explica brevemente la vida profesional, obra y el pensamiento teórico del arquitecto mexicano Agustín Hernández, a través del estudio del conjunto hospitalario “Villa Obregón”, en México, DF.