Reminiscence therapy is a psychological intervention for older adults to remembering and interpreting life events that were experienced at some time in the past. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the extent of integrative reminiscence intervention effects, with the aim to produce statistically significant reduction in depression symptoms, and significant improvement in psychological well-being, life satisfaction, self esteem, and integrity were examined. Thirty-four healthy elderly participated in the intervention that was implemented in eight sessions. To evaluate the effects of the program, a quasi-experimental design was applied with pretest and posttest evaluations comparing the intervention group with a control group on a waiting list. In comparison to control group, individuals in treatment sample of older adults in an integrative reminiscence group demonstrated statistically significant reduction in depression symptoms and a significant improvement in self-esteem, integrity, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being.
Introducción: el objetivo de este trabajo es conocer cómo el bienestar evoluciona con la edad una vez llegados al período de la vejez y si existen cambios en esta variable tan relacionada con la calidad de vida. Material y método: se aplicó a una muestra de 169 personas de más de 65 años la Life Satisfaction Index (LSI) y la escala de bienestar de Ryff; se realizaron regresiones lineales simples y curvilíneas para ver su relación con la edad. Resultados: las correlaciones de Pearson mostraron que parece existir una relación de disminución, tanto del bienestar como indicador global, y de tres de sus dimensiones, con la edad. Por otra parte, la satisfacción vital muestra como mejor ajuste el cuadrático, lo que indica que, mientras en los primeros años de la vejez efectivamente hay una disminución, a partir de los 85 años se produce un repunte de la satisfacción vital. Conclusiones: el aumento de estrategias adaptativas de carác-ter acomodativo se presupone como causa del descenso de los indicadores más propios del bienestar psicológico. Por otra parte, el aumento de la longevidad y su relación con variables de salud, competencia y relaciones pueden estar generando un aumento de la satisfacción por las características diferenciales de la propia muestra. Palabras claveBienestar. Satisfacción vital. Vejez. Envejecimiento con éxito. An analysis of well-being and age in the elderlyIntroduction: well-being is a key construct for understanding quality of life. The aim of the present study was to analyze how well-being changes in old age and to determine if there are any modifications in this variable during this period. Material and methods: the LIS and EBR scales were applied to a sample of 169 persons aged more than 64 years. Linear and curvilinear regressions were estimated to understand the associations among age, well-being and life satisfaction.Results: pearson correlations showed statistically significant negative relations among age and environmental mastery, personal growth, purpose in life, and overall well-being. However, life satisfaction showed a curvilinear, quadratic relation with age, revealing that this dimension decreases in the first few years of old age but increases again after the age of 85 years. Conclusions: the decrease in several well-being factors could be caused by the increase in adaptive accommodation strategies. Increased longevity, together with better health, competence and relationships could potentially explain the increase in life satisfaction among the oldest population.
El manejo y las estrategias utilizadas desempeñan un papel esencial en la adaptación a los cambios, y los rasgos de la personalidad son factores predictivos importantes de estas estrategias. El objetivo de este estudio es estudiar qué rasgos predicen diferentes estrategias de afrontamiento en adultos mayores. Los participantes fueron 226 adultos mayores (60 a 88 años). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el NEO-FFI para evaluar la personalidad y el Cuestionario de estrategias de afrontamiento (CAE). Se realizaron modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. El neuroticismo predijo positivamente las estrategias orientadas a la emoción: autofocalización negativa, expresión abierta de emociones, evitación y religión. Las estrategias orientadas a los problemas fueron predichas positivamente: apertura a la experiencia (resolución de problemas), la amabilidad (reevaluación positiva) y la responsabilidad (resolución de problemas y reevaluación positiva). Además, la amabilidad y la responsabilidad predijeron de manera negativa las estrategias orientadas a la emoción: expresión emocional abierta y autofocalización negativa. La extraversión no predijo ninguna estrategia de afrontamiento. Estos hallazgos muestran que el neuroticismo es un rasgo desadaptativo durante el envejecimiento, mientras que la apertura a la experiencia, la amabilidad y la conciencia son rasgos adaptativos en los adultos mayores. Coping and strategies used play an essential role in the adaptation to changes, and personality traits are important predictors of these strategies. The aim of this study is to find out what traits predict different coping strategies in older adults. Participants were 226 older adults (60 to 88 years old). Data on personality and coping strategies were obtained through the NEO-FFI and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression models were conducted. Neuroticism positively predicted emotion-oriented strategies: negative self-focused, overt-emotional expression, avoidance, and religious. Problem-oriented strategies were positively predicted by openness to experience (problem-solving focused), agreeableness (positive reappraisal), and conscientiousness (problem-solving focused and positive reappraisal). In addition, agreeableness and conscientiousness negatively predicted emotion-oriented strategies: overt-emotional expression and negative self-focused. Extraversion did not predict any coping strategy. These findings show that neuroticism is a maladaptive trait during aging, whereas openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are adaptive traits in older adults.
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