ResumenLa estrategia de seguridad para zonas críticas (Hot spots Policing) utiliza un despliegue intensivo de pie de fuerza policial para hacer disminuir el crimen en aquellas zonas donde se encuentra altamente concentrado. En Colombia, las ciudades de Bogotá y Medellín han venido implementando este modelo de manera sistemática desde el 2009 independientemente de los cambios de sus administraciones. Este artículo hace un primer balance de la forma como se han implementado las estrategias de seguridad ciudadana para las zonas críticas (Hot spots Policing) comparando las experiencias de Bogotá y Medellín desde el 2009. Concluye que, dada la falta de evaluaciones científicas sobre su implementación, no se puede determinar de manera definitiva que la criminalidad haya disminuido, aunque la reducción de los delitos parece ser mayor donde la presencia policial ha aumentado.Palabras clave: Seguridad ciudadana, zonas críticas, hot spots policing, Bogotá, Medellín.
AbstractHot spots policing strategy uses pervasive deployment of police officers on the beat to reduce crime, which is highly concentrated in a few areas. In Colombia, cities like Bogota and Medellin have systematically implemented this model since 2009 regardless changes of their administrations. This article assesses the practice of both experiences on the way in which the model has been implemented from 2009. It concludes that, as result of the lack of scientific evaluations, it is impossible to definitely determine that crime has decreased in such sensitive areas; notwithstanding, crime reduction seems to be higher where police presence has increased.
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