RESUMEN:En el artículo se revisa la importancia y la situación de la conservación de recursos fitogenéticos para la alimentación y la agricultura, tanto en los aspectos asociados específi-camente a esta actividad como en aquellos otros derivados de su faceta como componente de la biodiversidad y proveedor de servicios ecosistémicos. Se incide en la función de las colecciones ex situ como fuente de materiales tanto para su utilización directa como en programas de mejora genética, ambos elementos imprescindibles para una agricultura resiliente frente al cambio ambiental. De forma específica, se describe el estado de la conservación de germoplasma de las especies de la familia de Fabaceae tanto para utilización en alimentación humana como en alimentación animal, en el ámbito nacional e internacional. PALABRAS CLAVE:Recursos fitogenéticos; leguminosas-grano; colecciones de germoplasma; conservación. ABSTRACT:In this article, the importance and situation of the conservation of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture is reviewed, taking into consideration not only the aspects specifically related to the conservation activity but also their role as components of biodiversity and providers of ecosystem services. Special attention is drawn to ex situ collections as providers of germplasm for direct use and for plant breeding, two elements that make an essential contribution to a greater resilience of agriculture to environmental changes. In particular, the state of conservation at national and global levels of genetic resources of Fabaceae species cultivated for human food and animal feed, is examined.
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