In patients with PAF and severe LA scarring, PVAI+ ablation of non-PV triggers is associated with significantly better long-term outcome than PVAI alone or PVAI+ scar homogenization.

We present a man who was diagnosed with coarctation of the aorta (CA) at the age of 76. He had developed an extensive collateral circulation for maintaining the circulation below the CA. This compensatory mechanism was highly effective, since the patient had remained asymptomatic and in good health during most of his life. He died from intrahospitalary pneumonia, unrelated to CA. Long-term survival in patients with untreated CA is exceptional, with only 11 patients living into their 70s being previously reported. A review of these cases is included.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a wide range of spatial interventions to slow down the spread of the virus. The spatial limitations of narrow public circulation spaces within informal settlements, which house over one billion people around the world, make it impossible for pedestrians to practice physical distancing (or social distancing). In this paper, we propose a flexible mathematical method, named the Cluster Lane Method, for turning a planar circulation network of any size or complexity into a network of unidirectional lanes, making physical distancing possible in narrow circulation spaces by limiting face-to-face interactions. New notions and theorems about oriented graphs in graph theory are introduced. The paper ends with a discussion of the potential implementation of this cost-efficient, low-tech, sustainable solution, and with the introduction of a novel unidirectional tactile paving for the visually impaired.

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The presence of urban sketchers has an impact on pedestrian traffic and exchanges in the city. The nature of these exchanges depends on where people sketch from and whether they are alone or in a group. This piece includes sketches from the Christian Science Plaza in Boston, which were drawn in public by the author.Fernández González, Juan., "The Urban Presence of Sketchers"".